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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS pp 43–53Cite as

HIV-1 Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment – An Indian Scenario

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Abstract

In the past several decades, various advances in medical sciences have improved the care of HIV-infected individuals globally. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ARV), the incidence of neurological opportunistic infections has been greatly reduced. However, the nonopportunistic condition like neurocognitive impairment is still prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. The studies from India conducted in late 1990s on neurological aspects of HIV have mostly concentrated on dementia or AIDS dementia complex. Over time, the neurocognitive consequences of HIV have gained the attention of Indian clinicians as they impair the quality of life, every day activities, employment, and adherence to the treatment. Despite the fact that the recent gains have increased the focus on the assessment of neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV, the data in India are meager. An attempt has been made in this chapter to analyze and present various central nervous system diseases associated with HIV-1 infection, prevalent in India, grounded on various hospital-based reports covering the country.

Keywords

  • India
  • HIV
  • NeuroAIDS
  • Neurological complications
  • Dementia
  • Antiretroviral therapy
  • Adherence to treatment
  • Follow-up
  • Opportunistic infections
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Cryptococcal meningitis
  • TB
  • PML
  • Seizures
  • Central nervous system lymphoma
  • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • Hospital-based reports

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  • DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_3
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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2016-prevention-gap-report_en.pdf.

  2. 2.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=neuroaids++india.

  3. 3.

    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/blooming-artifact.

  4. 4.

    http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/AIDS2016.PDF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India

    Sudharsana Sundarrajan, Sajitha Lulu & Mohanapriya Arumugam

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  1. Sudharsana Sundarrajan
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  2. Sajitha Lulu
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  3. Mohanapriya Arumugam
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohanapriya Arumugam .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Dr. Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Sundarrajan, S., Lulu, S., Arumugam, M. (2017). HIV-1 Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment – An Indian Scenario. In: , et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_3

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