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Parental Obesity: Intergenerational Programming and Consequences pp 355–368Cite as

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Obesity Effects on the Descendants

Part of the Physiology in Health and Disease book series (PIHD)

Abstract

Obesity has been described as a pandemic of the twenty-first century. Its prevalence among women of childbearing age continues to rise, increasing the risk of complications during pregnancy and the likelihood of their offspring developing obesity and its comorbidities in adult life. As our understanding of the developmental origins of health and disease has grown, the influence of maternal perinatal physiology has become more clear. Maternal programming appears to be shaped by epigenetic means. Diverse communities of epigenetic modifications determine the phenotypic characteristics of different cell types and are themselves adaptable to changes in cellular physiology and environment. It is now thought that such epigenetic programs are potentially heritable. Maternal body mass and other obesogenic cues have been widely associated with epigenetic alterations of offspring in human observational studies. Similarly, interventional studies in rodents demonstrate that obesogenic maternal diet, as well as maternal diabetes and obesity, manifests epigenetic and phenotypic alterations in different organs, often in association with genes related to appetite, glycaemic control and lipid biosynthesis. Whilst the dangers posed by obesity to the health of our society are undeniable, the impact of obesity upon the health of our children is only just beginning to emerge. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to the effects of epigenetic programming upon first generation offspring, subsequent generations may also be affected. A greater understanding of the molecular phenomenology underlying maternal epigenetic programming in obesity may well lead to the development of effective therapeutic interventions to combat this disease and its comorbidities.

Keywords

  • Epigenetics
  • Obesity
  • DNA methylation
  • Histone
  • Developmental programming
  • Maternal obesity
  • Transgenerational
  • DOHaD
  • Epigenotype

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body mass index

C/EBP-β:

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, beta

DOHaD:

Developmental origins of health and disease

H19:

H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript

LINE-1:

Long interspersed nuclear element 1

Mest:

Mesoderm-specific transcript

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NAFPD:

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

Nr3c1:

Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1

Peg3:

Paternally expressed 3

POMC:

Proopiomelanocortin

Ppargc1a:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma Co-activator 1-α

Ppar-α:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha

RXRA:

Retinoid X receptor-α

TLR1:

Toll-like receptor 1

TLR2:

Toll-like receptor 2

Zfp423:

Zinc finger protein 423

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge all the scientists who have contributed to the understanding of this field. We also acknowledge the Obesity Action Campaign (www.obesityac.org).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK

    Paul Cordero, Jiawei Li, Vi Nguyen & Jude A. Oben

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Jonathan L. Temple

  3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Jude A. Oben

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  1. Paul Cordero
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  2. Jiawei Li
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  4. Vi Nguyen
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Correspondence to Paul Cordero .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom

    Lucy R. Green

  2. Medical Center, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA

    Robert L. Hester

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Cordero, P., Li, J., Temple, J.L., Nguyen, V., Oben, J.A. (2016). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Obesity Effects on the Descendants. In: Green, L., Hester, R. (eds) Parental Obesity: Intergenerational Programming and Consequences. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6386-7_16

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