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Effect of Spaceflight and Spaceflight Analogue Culture on Human and Microbial Cells pp 39–60Cite as

Principles of Analogue and True Microgravity Bioreactors to Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Understanding the effects of microgravity per se on cultured cells is greatly advanced by the use of fluid physics and computational fluid dynamics. It is essential that the design and operation of cell culture systems for application in microgravity and microgravity analogue conditions are accompanied by thorough analysis of the physical environment in the context of gravity and fluid properties. This becomes critically important when assessing whether the cells are responding directly to microgravity as opposed to the indirect cell response to environmental (fluid) conditions created by microgravity, such as changes in fluid shear on the cell surface. The development of the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor systems that reproduce aspects of the microgravity environment was an orderly process of developing and optimizing models through iterative tests and validations. Without this deliberate approach, it would have been difficult to advance our understanding of low gravity and low fluid shear environments and their impact on cellular biology. This innovative approach to cell culture and tissue engineering enabled the development of three-dimensional (3-D) organotypic tissue aggregates that better recapitulate the form and function of the parental tissue in vivo when compared to cells cultured as conventional flat 2-D monolayers. In addition to culture of mammalian cells under low fluid shear stress, the RWV bioreactor has also been used to culture microbial pathogens under conditions of physiological low fluid shear that are relevant to those encountered in the infected host during the natural course of infection. These studies have revealed novel insight into pathogenic mechanisms used by microbes during the infection process, which are not observed during conventional culture.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    David A. Wolf

  2. The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    David A. Wolf

  3. EarthTomorrow, Inc., Houston, TX, USA

    David A. Wolf

  4. SpektronSystems, Jonesborrow, AR, USA

    David A. Wolf

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Stanley J. Kleis

Authors
  1. David A. Wolf
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  2. Stanley J. Kleis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Wolf .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    Cheryl A. Nickerson

  2. Division of Space Life Science, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA

    Neal R. Pellis

  3. Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    C. Mark Ott

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Wolf, D.A., Kleis, S.J. (2016). Principles of Analogue and True Microgravity Bioreactors to Tissue Engineering. In: Nickerson, C., Pellis, N., Ott, C. (eds) Effect of Spaceflight and Spaceflight Analogue Culture on Human and Microbial Cells. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3277-1_2

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