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Oxygen Signaling in Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis

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Endothelial Signaling in Development and Disease

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Abstract

Oxygen is indispensible for the survival of higher organisms. Its function as an ultimate electron acceptor enables maximum energy yield during aerobic respiration. However, as a downside, the development of this obligatory alliance leads to risk-entailed side effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can cause far-reaching damage to DNA and proteins. In order to avert serious harm, as well as to guarantee adequate oxygen supply and its subsequent consumption, several control mechanisms have evolved to strictly balance oxygen homeostasis. Blood vessels are the centerpiece of the oxygen distribution system, and on the cellular level the response to oxygen shortage is counteracted by the outgrowth of new vessel sprouts. Of utmost importance in the regulation of this hypoxic response are oxygen-sensing enzymes, as their enzymatic function is curtailed by oxygen availability. Inhibition of these oxygen-sensing enzymes, and thus preadaptation of endothelial cells to hypoxic conditions, is linked to a beneficial outcome in disease conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the molecular basis of oxygen sensing, how this response impacts on the endothelial cell fate, and thus governs physiological and pathophysiological angiogenic processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Herestraat 49, Box 912, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Anne-Theres Henze PhD

  2. VIB Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, O&N 4, 9e verd, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 912, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Prof. Massimiliano Mazzone PhD

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  1. Anne-Theres Henze PhD
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Correspondence to Anne-Theres Henze PhD .

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  1. Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology Building 708, 2.Floor, R2.006, Johannes Gutenberg University School of Medicine, Mainz, Germany

    Mirko HH Schmidt

  2. Institute of Neurology Building 89, 4.Floor, R402, Goethe University Frankfurt School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany

    Stefan Liebner

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Henze, AT., Mazzone, M. (2015). Oxygen Signaling in Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis. In: Schmidt, M., Liebner, S. (eds) Endothelial Signaling in Development and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2907-8_14

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