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Rehydration and Solubility Characteristics of High-Protein Dairy Powders

  • Chapter
Advanced Dairy Chemistry

Abstract

Dairy powders derived from membrane filtration processes, such as milk protein concentrate (MPC) and phosphocaseinate (PC) powders, have considerable potential as functional ingredients due to their high protein content and quality. However, the use of these powders is sometimes limited or impaired by their poor rehydration characteristics in aqueous media, which has been linked with the formation of an inter-linked network of casein micelles at particle surfaces during processing and storage. Analytical tools are now available which can monitor the rehydration of dairy powders dynamically. This is a considerable development, as the rate-limiting stages of rehydration for individual powders (e.g., wetting, dispersion) can now be identified, quantified and targeted in attempts to improve rehydration properties. In addition, these technologies allow the negative effects of sub-optimal processing or storage conditions on powder rehydration and solubility characteristics to be measured, which allows preventative strategies against loss of solubility to be developed. Moreover, it is foreseeable that some of these technologies could be useful for in-line analysis and process control at an industrial scale. This review provides a detailed description of the underlying principles, data outputs and industrial relevance of current methods to monitor dairy powder rehydration. The technologies discussed in this review include viscometry and rheometry, turbidimetry, static light-scattering, focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), image analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry, thermochemistry, conductimetry and sound-based technologies. The contribution that these technologies have made to the current understanding of rehydration phenomena, with a particular emphasis on high-protein dairy powders (≥80 % protein), is discussed throughout. In addition, a comprehensive overview of rehydration and solubility characteristics, and the effects of process-, storage-, and additive-induced changes thereon, is given for high-protein dairy powders.

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Abbreviations

ADMI:

American Dry Milk Institute

CaCas:

Calcium caseinate

CN:

Casein

CPMG:

Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill

DF:

Diafiltration

FBRM:

Focused beam reflectance measurement

HMF:

Hydroxymethylfurfural

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IDF:

International dairy federation

MDP:

Maltodextrin powder

MF:

Microfiltration

MPC:

Milk protein concentrate

MR:

Maillard reaction

NaCas:

Sodium caseinate

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PC:

Phosphocaseinate

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SLS:

Static light-scattering

SMP:

Skim milk powder

UF:

Ultrafiltration

WMP:

Whole milk powder

WP:

Whey protein

WPI:

Whey protein isolate

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    S. V. Crowley, A. L. Kelly & J. A. O’Mahony

  2. INRA, UMR1253, STLO, Rennes, 35000, France

    P. Schuck & R. Jeantet

  3. Agrocampus Quest, UMR1253, STLO, Rennes, 35000, France

    P. Schuck & R. Jeantet

Authors
  1. S. V. Crowley
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  2. A. L. Kelly
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  3. P. Schuck
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  4. R. Jeantet
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  5. J. A. O’Mahony
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. A. O’Mahony .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Cork, Ireland

    Paul L. H. McSweeney

  2. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Cork, Ireland

    James A. O'Mahony

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Crowley, S.V., Kelly, A.L., Schuck, P., Jeantet, R., O’Mahony, J.A. (2016). Rehydration and Solubility Characteristics of High-Protein Dairy Powders. In: McSweeney, P., O'Mahony, J. (eds) Advanced Dairy Chemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2800-2_4

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