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The Legume–Rhizobia Symbiosis

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Grain Legumes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 10))

Abstract

The symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) with legumes is the primary source of biologically fixed nitrogen for agricultural system. It is performed by a group of bacteria commonly called rhizobia. It is characterized by a host preference, and the differences among symbioses between rhizobial strains and legume genotypes are related to infection, nodule development and effectiveness in N2 fixation. The interaction between a rhizobia and the legume is mediated by a lipochitin oligosaccharide secreted by the rhizobia, and called “Nod factor”. It is recognized by transmembrane receptors on the root-hair cells of the legume. It can regulate the nodule organogenesis by inducing changes in the cytokinin balance of the root, during nodule initiation. N2 fixation in legume nodules is catalyzed by the nitrogenase enzyme depending upon the photosynthate supply, the O2 concentration, and the fixed-N export. Among environmental factors that influence the SNF, the temperature is essential for nodule formation; the salinity and drought decrease the nodule permeability to O2 and the photosynthate supply to the nodule, the phosphorus deficiency inhibits the nodule development and the total N2 fixation. Rhizobia strains differ in their efficiency in N2 fixation with host legume. There is evidence of genotypic variability for SNF at different levels of available P which show a possibility of selecting cultivars able to support biological N2 fixation under low P soils.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eco&Sols, INRA, 1 Place Viala, 34000, Montpellier, France

    Dr. Jean-Jacques Drevon Ph.D.

  2. Department des Sciences Agronomiques, Universite de Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria

    Nora Alkama

  3. Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 16, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Adnane Bargaz Ph.D.

  4. Biology of Agrosystems, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), El Palacio-Salcedo, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain

    Dr. A. Paula Rodiño Ph.D.

  5. Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Kiriya Sungthongwises Ph.D.

  6. CIMMYT, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Mainassara Zaman-Allah Ph.D.

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  1. Dr. Jean-Jacques Drevon Ph.D.
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  2. Nora Alkama
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  3. Adnane Bargaz Ph.D.
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  4. Dr. A. Paula Rodiño Ph.D.
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  5. Kiriya Sungthongwises Ph.D.
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  6. Mainassara Zaman-Allah Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Jean-Jacques Drevon Ph.D. .

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  1. Misión Biológica de Galicia(MBG) Spanish National Research Council(CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain

    Antonio M. De Ron

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Drevon, JJ., Alkama, N., Bargaz, A., Rodiño, A., Sungthongwises, K., Zaman-Allah, M. (2015). The Legume–Rhizobia Symbiosis. In: De Ron, A. (eds) Grain Legumes. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 10. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2797-5_9

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