Skip to main content

Conclusions and Future Directions

  • Chapter
Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice

Abstract

As we reflect on the advances, topics, and wide range of studies included in this second edition of Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice, it is gratifying to see how landscape ecology has matured. Motivated by broad-scale environmental challenges and facilitated by rapid developments in computing power and technology, landscape ecology has emerged as a synthetic discipline that has generated new concepts, theory, and methods that reveal the importance of spatial pattern in ecological systems. Landscape ecology is now a well-recognized subdiscipline in ecology as well as an interdisciplinary area of research and application that embraces social–ecological systems and extends well beyond ecology. The many landscape studies published in a diverse array of journals also speak to the importance and impact of landscape ecology. In this book, we have emphasized current ecological understanding of the causes of spatial pattern, reciprocal interactions between spatial patterns and ecological processes, and how these patterns and processes change through time. In this final chapter, we summarize some general lessons from landscape ecology and suggest several promising directions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baron N (2010) Escape from the ivory tower: a guide to making your science matter. Island Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolliger J, Lander T, Balkenhol N (2014) Landscape genetics since 2003: status, challenges and future directions. Landsc Ecol 29:361–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canham CD, Cole JJ, Lauenroth WK (eds) (2003) Models in ecosystem science. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SR, Turner MG (1998) At last: a journal devoted to ecosystem science. Ecosystems 1:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapin FS III, Kofinas GP, Folke C (2009b) Principles of ecosystem stewardship: resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheruvelil KS, Soranno PA, Weathers KC, Hanson PC, Goring SJ, Filstrup CT, Read EK (2014) Creating and maintaining high-performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills. Front Ecol Environ 12:31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis AM, Váckavík T, Meentemeyer RK (2010a) When is connectivity important? A case study of the spatial pattern of sudden oak death. Oikos 119:485–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis EC, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Lightman D, Ramankutty N (2010b) Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:589–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Groffman PM, Pouyat RV, Cadenasso ML et al (2006a) Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests. For Ecol Manage 236:177–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groffman PM, Baron JS, Blett T, Gold AJ, Goodman I, Gunderson LH, Levinson BM, Palmer MA, Paerl HW, Peterson GD, Poff NL, Rejeski DW, Reynolds JF, Turner MG, Weathers KC, Wiens JA (2006b) Ecological thresholds: the key to successful environmental management or an important concept with no practical application? Ecosystems 9:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan JB, Soranno PA, Angilletta MJ Jr, Buckley LB, Gruner DS, Keitt TH, Kellner JR, Kominoski JS, Rocha AV, Xiao J, Harms TK, Goring SJ, Koenig LE, McDowell WH, Powell H, Richardson AD, Stow CA, Vargas R, Weathers KC (2014) Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales. Front Ecol Environ 12:5–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton JL, Graham CH (2010) Using behavioral landscape ecology to predict species’ responses to land-use and climate change. Biol Conserv 143:1342–1354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters DPC, Groffman PM, Nadelhoffer KJ, Grimm NB, Collins SL, Michener WK, Huston MA (2008) Living in an increasingly connected world: a framework for continental-scale environmental science. Front Ecol Environ 5:229–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters DPC, Loescher HW, SanClemente MD, Havstad KM (2014) Taking the pulse of a continent: expanding site-based research infrastructure for regional- to continental-scale ecology. Ecosphere 5(3):art29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risser PG, Karr JR, Forman RTT (1984) Landscape ecology: directions and approaches. Special Publication Number 2. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG (2015) Twenty-five years of US landscape ecology: looking back and forging ahead. In: Barrett GW, Barrett T, Wu J (eds) History of landscape ecology in the United States. Springer, New York (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG, Donato DC, Romme WH (2013) Consequences of spatial heterogeneity for ecosystem services in changing forest landscapes: priorities for future research. Landsc Ecol 28:1081–1097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997a) Human domination of earth’s ecosystems. Science 277:494–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW, Likens GE, Matson PA, Schindler DW, Schlesinger WH, Tilman DG (1997b) Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycles: sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7:737–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2013) Key concepts and research topics in landscape ecology revisited: 30 years after the Allerton Park workshop. Landsc Ecol 28:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Further Reading

Further Reading

  • Baron N (2010) Escape from the ivory tower: a guide to making your science matter. Island Press, Washington, DC

  • Chapin FS III, Kofinas GP, Folke C (2009) Principles of ecosystem stewardship: resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world. Springer, New York

  • Cheruvelil KS, Soranno PA, Weathers KC, Hanson PC, Goring SJ, Filstrup CT, Read EK (2014) Creating and maintaining high-performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills. Front Ecol Environ 12:31–38

  • Groffman PM, Baron JS, Blett T, Gold AJ, Goodman I, Gunderson LH, Levinson BM, Palmer MA, Paerl HW, Peterson GD, Poff NL, Rejeski DW, Reynolds JF, Turner MG, Weathers KC, Wiens JA (2006) Ecological thresholds: the key to successful environmental management or an important concept with no practical application? Ecosystems 9:1–13

  • Turner MG, Donato DC, Romme WH (2013) Consequences of spatial heterogeneity for ecosystem services in changing forest landscapes: priorities for future research. Landsc Ecol 28:1081–1097

  • Wu JG (2013) Key concepts and research topics in landscape ecology revisited: 30 years after the Allerton Park workshop. Landsc Ecol 28:1–11

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. (2015). Conclusions and Future Directions. In: Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics