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Physical Examination of the Shoulder pp 139–181Cite as

Glenohumeral Instability

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Abstract

Due to its unconstrained bony anatomy, the glenohumeral joint primarily relies upon both static and dynamic soft-tissue stabilizers to maintain stability. Deficiencies involving any of these soft-tissue structures can lead to extraphysiologic glenohumeral translation that may become symptomatic. Due to the many structures involved with the maintenance of glenohumeral stability, physical examination of the unstable shoulder can be intimidating. The existence of numerous classification systems, semantic challenges, and confusing clinical findings only adds to this difficulty. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to (1) review the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical evidence related to the maintenance of glenohumeral stability and (2) to review the most important physical examination techniques that will help guide the clinician towards the correct diagnosis in patients with unstable shoulders.

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  1. Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA

    Ryan J. Warth M.D.

  2. The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO, USA

    Peter J. Millett M.D., M.Sc.

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Warth, R.J., Millett, P.J. (2015). Glenohumeral Instability. In: Physical Examination of the Shoulder. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2593-3_6

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