Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Personalized Therapy of Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Textbook of Personalized Medicine

Abstract

Management of cancer has been unsatisfactory in the past but an understanding of the molecular, genetic and genomic aspects of cancer is accelerating progress in cancer therapy (Jain 2014). Several comprehensive studies have demonstrated the utility of gene expression profiles for the classification of tumors into clinically relevant subtypes and the prediction of clinical outcomes. Role of oncoproteomics in personalized management of cancer was first emphasized in 2004 (Jain 2004). Considerable progress has been made in this field during the past few years. Other factors that drive the development of personalized therapy for cancer are listed in Table 10.1. The preceding chapter described how cancer cell therapy and cancer vaccines can be personalized. Information presented in this section will show personalization of other cancer therapies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acharya CR, Hsu DS, Anders CK, et al. Gene expression signatures, clinicopathological features, and individualized therapy in breast cancer. JAMA. 2008;299:1574–87.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Advani RH, Buggy JJ, Sharman JP, et al. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:88–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agadjanian H, Ma J, Rentsendorj A, et al. Tumor detection and elimination by a targeted gallium corrole. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:6105–10.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alvero AB, Chen R, Fu HH, et al. Molecular phenotyping of human ovarian cancer stem cells unravels the mechanisms for repair and chemoresistance. Cell Cycle. 2009;8:158–66.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson AR, Weaver AM, Cummings PT, Quaranta V. Tumor morphology and phenotypic evolution driven by selective pressure from the microenvironment. Cell. 2006;127:905–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ando M, Hasegawa Y, Ando Y. Pharmacogenetics of irinotecan: a promoter polymorphism of UGT1A1 gene and severe adverse reactions to irinotecan. Invest New Drugs. 2005;23:539–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrechek ER, Cardiff RD, Chang JT, et al. Genetic heterogeneity of Myc-induced mammary tumors reflecting diverse phenotypes including metastatic potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:16387–92.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antoch G, Kanja J, Bauer S, et al. Comparison of PET, CT, and dual-modality PET/CT imaging for monitoring of imatinib (STI571) therapy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:357–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey VJ, Easwaran H, Zhang Y, et al. MS-qFRET: a quantum dot-based method for analysis of DNA methylation. Genome Res. 2009;19:1455–61.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beier D, Röhrl S, Pillai DR, et al. Temozolomide preferentially depletes cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Cancer Res. 2008;68:5706–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beiko J, Suki D, Hess KR, et al. IDH1 mutant malignant astrocytomas are more amenable to surgical resection and have a survival benefit associated with maximal surgical resection. Neuro Oncol. 2014;16:81–91.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bejar R, Stevenson K, Abdel-Wahab O, et al. Clinical effect of point mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2496–506.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benavides LC, Gates JD, Carmichael MG, et al. The impact of HER2/neu expression level on response to the E75 vaccine: from U.S. Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:2895–904.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Haim S, Ell P. 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of cancer treatment response. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:88–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berd D. M-Vax: an autologous, hapten-modified vaccine for human cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004;3:521–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhagwat NR, Roginskaya VY, Acquafondata MB, et al. Immunodetection of DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1-XPF in human tissue. Cancer Res. 2009;69:6831–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bordeaux JM, Cheng H, Welsh AW, et al. Quantitative in situ measurement of estrogen receptor mRNA predicts response to tamoxifen. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36559.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boucek JA, Turner JH. Personalized dosimetry of (131)i-rituximab radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma defined by pharmacokinetics in bone marrow and blood. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2014;29:18–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosco EE, Wang Y, Xu H, et al. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor modifies the therapeutic response of breast cancer. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:218–28.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer J, Allen WL, McLean EG, et al. Pharmacogenomic identification of novel determinants of response to chemotherapy in colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66:2765–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bredel M, Scholtens DM, Harsh GR, et al. A network model of a cooperative genetic landscape in brain tumors. JAMA. 2009;302:261–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brentjens RJ, Santos E, Nikhamin Y, et al. Genetically targeted T cells eradicate systemic acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:5426–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bristow RE, Smith A, Zhang Z, et al. Ovarian malignancy risk stratification of the adnexal mass using a multivariate index assay. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;128:252–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brower SL, Fensterer JE, Bush JE. The ChemoFx assay: an ex vivo chemosensitivity and resistance assay for predicting patient response to cancer chemotherapy. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;414:57–78.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess DJ, Doles J, Zender L, et al. Topoisomerase levels determine chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105:9053–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burington B, Yue P, Shi X, et al. CD40 pathway activation status predicts response to CD40 therapy in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2011;3:74ra22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrd JC, Furman RR, Coutre SE, et al. Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. NEJM. 2013;369:32–42.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cairncross G, Berkey B, Shaw E, et al. Phase III trial of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone for pure and mixed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 9402. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2707–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cappuzzo F, Sacconi A, Landi L, et al. MicroRNA signature in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2014;13:37–45.e4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA. 2006;295:2492–502.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter SL, Eklund AC, Kohane IS, et al. A signature of chromosomal instability inferred from gene expression profiles predicts clinical outcome in multiple human cancers. Nat Genet. 2006;38:1043–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty A, Sanchez V, Kuba MG, et al. Feedback upregulation of HER3 (ErbB3) expression and activity attenuates antitumor effect of PI3K inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:2718–23.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2507–16.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen HY, Yu SL, Chen CH, et al. A five-gene signature and clinical outcome in non–small-cell lung cancer. NEJM. 2007;356:11–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng H, Qin Q, Sun X, et al. Predictive effect of XPA and XPD polymorphisms on survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy: a three-dimensional (3-D), polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray method. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2013;12:473–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi YL, Soda M, Yamashita Y, et al. EML4-ALK mutations in lung cancer that confer resistance to ALK inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1734–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciceri F, Bonini C, Marktel S, et al. Antitumor effects of HSV-TK-engineered donor lymphocytes after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Blood. 2007;109:4698–707.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cilloni D, Renneville A, Hermitte F, et al. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of minimal residual disease by standardized WT1 assay to enhance risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia: a European LeukemiaNet Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5195–201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark VE, Erson-Omay EZ, Serin A, et al. Genomic analysis of non-NF2 meningiomas reveals mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO. Science. 2013;339:1077–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins FS, Hamburg MA. First FDA authorization for next-generation sequencer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:2369–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colman H, Zhang L, Sulman EP, et al. A multigene predictor of outcome in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2010;12:49–57.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowin PA, George J, Fereday S, et al. LRP1B deletion in high-grade serous ovarian cancers is associated with acquired chemotherapy resistance to liposomal doxorubicin. Cancer Res. 2012;72:4060–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig DW, O’Shaughnessy JA, Kiefer JA, et al. Genome and transcriptome sequencing in prospective triple negative breast cancer uncovers therapeutic vulnerabilities. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;12:104–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham L, Aplenc R. Pharmacogenetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment response. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:2519–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies C, Pan H, Godwin J, et al. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;381:805–16.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Iglesia N, Konopka G, Puram SV, et al. Identification of a PTEN-regulated STAT3 brain tumor suppressor pathway. Genes Dev. 2008;22:449–62.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deeken JF, Cormier T, Price DK, et al. A pharmacogenetic study of docetaxel and thalidomide in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer using the DMET genotyping platform. Pharmacogenomics J. 2010;10:191–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dehm SM. mRNA splicing variants: exploiting modularity to outwit cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2013;73:5309–14.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz Jr LA, Williams RT, Wu J, et al. The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers. Nature. 2012;486:537–40.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diehn M, Nardini C, Wang DS, et al. Identification of noninvasive imaging surrogates for brain tumor gene-expression modules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:5213–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding Z, Wei Y. Therapeutic vaccine for melanoma: the untouched grail? Expert Rev Vaccines. 2007;6:907–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doebele RC, Vaishnavi A, Capelletti M, et al. NTRK1 gene fusions as a novel oncogene target in lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31 suppl: abstr #8023.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan MJ, Hamann S, Clayton M, et al. Systems pathology approach for the prediction of prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3923–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Douillard JY, Oliner KS, Siena S, et al. Panitumumab–FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1023–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drier Y, Sheffer M, Domany E. Pathway-based personalized analysis of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:6388–93.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Du W, Elemento O. Cancer systems biology: embracing complexity to develop better anticancer therapeutic strategies. Oncogene 15 Sept 2014. doi:10.1038/onc.2014.291.

  • Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Yang JC, et al. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2346–57.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund K, Larsson O, Ameur A, et al. Data-driven unbiased curation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutation database and validation by ultradeep sequencing of human tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:9551–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis MJ, Tao Y, Luo J, et al. Outcome prediction for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer based on postneoadjuvant endocrine therapy tumor characteristics. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1380–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerling BM, Benes CH, Poulogiannis G, et al. Identification of CDCP1 as a hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) target gene that is associated with survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:3483–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eschrich SA, Pramana J, Zhang H, et al. A gene expression model of intrinsic tumor radiosensitivity: prediction of response and prognosis after chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;75:489–96.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eschrich SA, Fulp WJ, Pawitan Y, et al. Validation of a radiosensitivity molecular signature in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:5134–43.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faratian D, Goltsov A, Lebedeva G, et al. Systems biology reveals new strategies for personalizing cancer medicine and confirms the role of PTEN in resistance to trastuzumab. Cancer Res. 2009;69:6713–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton TR, Nathanson D, Ponte de Albuquerque C, et al. Resistance to EGF receptor inhibitors in glioblastoma mediated by phosphorylation of the PTEN tumor suppressor at tyrosine 240. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:14164–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, et al. Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:809–19.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:107–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fogli S, Caraglia M. Genotype-based therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:1095–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman AN, Slattery ML, Ballard-Barbash R, et al. A colorectal cancer risk prediction tool for white men and women without known susceptibility. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:686–93.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fry RJ, Svensson JP, Valiathan C, et al. Genomic predictors of interindividual differences in response to DNA damaging agents. Genes Dev. 2008;22:2621–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gajewski TF, Louahed J, Brichard VG. Gene signature in melanoma associated with clinical activity: a potential clue to unlock cancer immunotherapy. Cancer J. 2010;16:399–403.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garman KS, Acharya CR, Edelman E, et al. A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:19431–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates JD, Carmichael MG, Benavides LC, et al. Longterm followup assessment of a HER2/neu peptide (E75) vaccine for prevention of recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208:193–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Genovese G, Kähler AK, Handsaker RE, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2477–87.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:883–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giotopoulos G, Symonds RP, Foweraker K, et al. The late radiotherapy normal tissue injury phenotypes of telangiectasia, fibrosis and atrophy in breast cancer patients have distinct genotype-dependent causes. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1001–7.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz MP, Rae JM, Suman VJ, et al. Pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen biotransformation is associated with clinical outcomes of efficacy and hot flashes. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:9312–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Raposo C, Mendiola M, Hardisson H, Redondo A. From targeted therapy in ovarian cancer to personalizing therapy for ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Invest Drugs. 2011;20:591–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong Y, Yan K, Lin F, et al. Determination of oestrogen-receptor status and ERBB2 status of breast carcinoma: a gene-expression profiling study. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:203–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grauden E, Boulanger V, Mollard C, et al. Deciphering cellular states of innate tumor drug responses. Genome Biol. 2006;7:R19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC, et al. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature. 2010;464:1071–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halo TL, McMahon KM, Angeloni NL, et al. NanoFlares for the detection, isolation, and culture of live tumor cells from human blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:17104–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna E, Shrieve DC, Ratanatharathorn V, et al. A novel alternative approach for prediction of radiation response of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Cancer Res. 2001;61:2376–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna MG, Hoover HC, Pinedo HM, Finer M. Active specific immunotherapy with autologous tumor cell vaccines for stage II colon cancer. Hum Vaccin. 2006;2:185–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatzis C, Pusztai L, Valero V, et al. A genomic predictor of response and survival following taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer. JAMA. 2011;305:1873–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins RE, Gilham DE, Debets R, et al. Development of adoptive cell therapy for cancer: a clinical perspective. Hum Gene Ther. 2010;21:665–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes HR, Camelo-Piragua S, Kuria KM. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in adult and pediatric gliomas: toward personalized treatment. Front Oncol. 2014;4:47.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heiser LM, Sadanandam A, Kuo WL, et al. Subtype and pathway specific responses to anticancer compounds in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:2724–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helleday T, Petermann E, Lundin C, et al. DNA repair pathways as targets for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:193–204.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higano CS, Schellhammer PF, Small EJ, et al. Integrated data from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of active cellular immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer. 2009;115:3670–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holzinger D, Schmitt M, Dyckhoff G, et al. Viral RNA patterns and high viral load reliably define oropharynx carcinomas with active HPV16 involvement. Cancer Res. 2012;72:4993–5003.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins JM, Goldberg RM, Qu P, et al. UGT1A1*28 genotype and irinotecan-induced neutropenia: dose matters. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:1290–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain M, Luo Y, Sun Z, et al. X-ray enabled detection and eradication of circulating tumor cells with nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron. 2012;38:348–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RS, Duan S, Bleibel WK, et al. A genome-wide approach to identify genetic variants that contribute to etoposide-induced cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:9758–63.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoges S, Rodriguez-Calvillo M, Zabalegui N, et al. Clinical benefit associated with idiotypic vaccination in patients with follicular lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1292–301.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwanami A, Gini B, Zanca C, et al. PML mediates glioblastoma resistance to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-targeted therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:4339–44.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Role of oncoproteomics in the personalized management of cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2004;1:49–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Role of nanobiotechnology in developing personalized medicine for cancer. TCRT. 2005;4:645–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Textbook of hyperbaric medicine. 5th ed. Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Personalized cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010;12:1637–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Applications of biotechnology in oncology. New York: Springer; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain KK. Molecular diagnostics: technologies, markets and companies. Basel: Jain Pharma Biotech; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janikashvili N, Larmonier N, Katsanis E. Personalized dendritic cell-based tumor immunotherapy. Immunotherapy. 2010;2:57–68.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon JS, Bersini S, Gilardi M, et al. Human 3D vascularized organotypic microfluidic assays to study breast cancer cell extravasation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:214–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1417115112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jha P, Suri V, Jain A, et al. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene promoter methylation status in gliomas and its correlation with other molecular alterations: first Indian report with review of challenges for use in customized treatment. Neurosurgery. 2010;67:1681–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ji J, Shi J, Budhu A, et al. MicroRNA expression, survival, and response to interferon in liver cancer. NEJM. 2009;361:1437–47.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ju YS, Lee WC, Shin JY, et al. Fusion of KIF5B and RET transforming gene in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. Genome Res. 2012;22:436–45.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juhász C, Muzik O, Lu X, et al. Quantification of tryptophan transport and metabolism in lung tumors using PET. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:356–63.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung SY, Rosenzweig M, Sereika SM, et al. Factors associated with mortality after breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23:103–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kandoth C, McLellan MD, Vandin F, et al. Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types. Nature. 2013;502:333–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1757–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama R, Khan TM, Benes C, et al. Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:7535–40.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Wu Q, Hamerlik P, et al. Aptamer identification of brain tumor-initiating cells. Cancer Res. 2013;73:4923–36.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HK, Park WC, Lee KM, et al. Targeted next-generation sequencing at copy-number breakpoints for personalized analysis of rearranged ends in solid tumors. PLoS One. 2014a;9(6):e100089.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Sohn BH, Lee HS, et al. Genomic predictors for recurrence patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma: model derivation and validation. PLoS Med. 2014b;11(12):e1001770.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura H, Kasahara K, Kawaishi M, et al. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in serum as a predictor of the response to gefitinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:3915–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kishiki T, Ohnishi H, Masaki T, et al. Overexpression of MET is a new predictive marker for anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type KRAS. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2014;73:749–57.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klinac D, Gray ES, Millward M, Ziman M. Advances in personalized targeted treatment of metastatic melanoma and non-invasive tumor monitoring. Front Oncol. 2013;3:54.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koay EJ, Truty MJ, Cristini V, et al. Transport properties of pancreatic cancer describe gemcitabine delivery and response. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:1525–36.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koboldt DC, Fulton RS, McLellan MD, et al. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490:61–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korpanty G, Carbon JG, Grayburn PA, et al. Monitoring response to anticancer therapy by targeting microbubbles to tumor vasculature. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:323–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korsunsky I, McGovern K, LaGatta T, et al. Systems biology of cancer: a challenging expedition for clinical and quantitative biologists. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2014;2:27.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koski A, Ahtinen H, Liljenback H, et al. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography in response evaluation of oncolytic adenovirus treatments of patients with advanced cancer. Hum Gene Ther. 2013;24:1029–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koya RC, Kimura T, Ribas A, et al. Lentiviral vector-mediated autonomous differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into immunologically potent dendritic cell vaccines. Mol Ther. 2007;15:971–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kratz JR, He J, Van Den Eeden SK, et al. A practical molecular assay to predict survival in resected non-squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer: development and international validation studies. Lancet. 2012;379:823–32.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmar C, Kleinberg L, Greenberg M, et al. Pre-radiation chemotherapy with response-based radiation therapy in children with central nervous system germ cell tumors: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48:285–91.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurdziel KA, Ravizzini G, Croft BY, et al. The evolving role of nuclear molecular imaging in cancer. Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2008;2:829–42.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwak EL, Bang YJ, Camidge DR, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1693–703.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labuhn M, Vuaroqueaux V, Fina F, et al. Simultaneous quantitative detection of relevant biomarkers in breast cancer by quantitative real-time PCR. Int J Biol Markers. 2006;21:30–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laing RE, Walter MA, Campbell DO, et al. Noninvasive prediction of tumor responses to gemcitabine using positron emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2847–52.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Mermel CH, et al. Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types. Nature. 2014;505:495–501.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leary RJ, Lin JC, Cummins J, et al. Integrated analysis of homozygous deletions, focal amplifications, and sequence alterations in breast and colorectal cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:16224–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee E, Nichols P, Spicer D, et al. GRP78 as a novel predictor of responsiveness to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66:7849–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JM, Ledermann JA, Kohn EC. PARP inhibitors for BRCA1/2 mutation-associated and BRCA-like malignancies. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:32–40.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leong C, Vidnovic N, DeYoung MP, et al. The p63/p73 network mediates chemosensitivity to cisplatin in a biologically defined subset of primary breast cancers. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:1370–80.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Zou L, Li Q, et al. Amplification of LAPTM4B and YWHAZ contributes to chemotherapy resistance and recurrence of breast cancer. Nat Med. 2010;16:214–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang C, Marsit CJ, McClean MD, et al. Biomarkers of HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2012;72:5004–13.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu R, Wang X, Chen GY, et al. The prognostic role of a gene signature from tumorigenic breast-cancer cells. NEJM. 2007;356:217–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XQ, Song WJ, Sun TM, et al. Targeted delivery of antisense inhibitor of miRNA for antiangiogenesis therapy using cRGD-functionalized nanoparticles. Mol Pharm. 2011;8:250–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Long W, Yi P, Amazit L, et al. SRC-3Δ4 mediates the interaction of EGFR with FAK to promote cell migration. Mol Cell. 2010;37:321–32.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzi PL, Reinhold WC, Rudelius M, et al. Asparagine synthetase as a causal, predictive biomarker for L-asparaginase activity in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:2613–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lukes L, Crawford N, Walker R, Hunter KW. The origins of breast cancer prognostic gene expression profiles. Cancer Res. 2009;69:310–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luster M, Weber T, Verburg FA. Differentiated thyroid cancer-personalized therapies to prevent overtreatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10:563–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackensen A, Meidenbauer N, Vogl S, et al. Phase I study of adoptive T-cell therapy using antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5060–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magnani L, Stoeck A, Zhang X, et al. Genome-wide reprogramming of the chromatin landscape underlies endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:E1490–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maheswaran S, Sequist LV, Nagrath S, et al. Detection of mutations in EGFR in circulating lung-cancer cells. NEJM. 2008;359:366–77.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manjili MH. The inherent premise of immunotherapy for cancer dormancy. Cancer Res. 2014;74:6745–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manuyakorn A, Paulus R, Farrell J, et al. Cellular histone modification patterns predict prognosis and treatment response in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: results from RTOG 9704. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1358–65.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maris JM, Hii G, Gelfand CA, et al. Region-specific detection of neuroblastoma loss of heterozygosity at multiple loci simultaneously using a SNP-based tag-array platform. Genome Res. 2005;15:1168–76.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez R, Schackert G, Esteller M. Hypermethylation of the proapoptotic gene TMS1/ASC: prognostic importance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol. 2007;82:133–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe SM, Morgan SL, Wyant GA, et al. Targeting Notch, a key pathway for ovarian cancer stem cells, sensitizes tumors to platinum therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E2939–48.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merlo A, Turrini R, Dolcetti R, et al. Adoptive cell therapy against EBV-related malignancies: a survey of clinical results. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008;8:1265–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Misale S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, et al. Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature. 2012;486:532–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffat BA, Chenevert TL, Lawrence TS, et al. Functional diffusion map: a noninvasive MRI biomarker for early stratification of clinical brain tumor response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:5524–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers CL, Dunham MJ, Kung SY, Troyanskaya OG. Accurate detection of aneuploidies in array CGH and gene expression microarray data. Bioinformatics. 2004;20:3533–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagrath S, Sequist LV, Maheswaran S, et al. Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology. Nature. 2007;450:1235–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi M, Kakuma T, Uemura H, et al. A randomized phase II trial of personalized peptide vaccine plus low dose estramustine phosphate (EMP) versus standard dose EMP in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010;59:1001–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norell H, Poschke I, Charo J, et al. Vaccination with a plasmid DNA encoding HER-2/neu together with low doses of GM-CSF and IL-2 in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma: a pilot clinical trial. J Transl Med. 2010;8:53.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nybakken GE, Bagg A. The genetic basis and expanding role of molecular analysis in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic design for myelodysplastic syndromes. J Mol Diagn. 2014;16:145–58.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogino S, Nosho K, Kirkner GJ, et al. A cohort study of tumoral LINE-1 hypomethylation and prognosis in colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1734–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi K, Sequist LV, Arcila ME, et al. Lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors occasionally harbor BRAF gene mutations but lack mutations in KRAS, NRAS, or MEK1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E2127–33.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ornish D, Magbanua M, Weidner G, et al. Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:8369–74.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pallud J, Taillandier L, Capelle L, et al. Quantitative morphological MRI follow-up of low-grade glioma: a plead for systematic measurement of growth rates. Neurosurgery. 2012;71:729–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park S, Hatanpaa KJ, Xie Y, et al. The receptor interacting protein 1 inhibits p53 induction through NF-{kappa}B activation and confers a worse prognosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Res. 2009a;69:2809–16.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park Y, Freedman AN, Gail MH, et al. Validation of a colorectal cancer risk prediction model among whites 50 years old and over. J Clin Oncol. 2009b;27:694–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker JS, Mullins M, Cheang MC, et al. Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:1160–7.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, et al. An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science. 2008;321:1807–12.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patil R, Clifton GT, Holmes JP, et al. Clinical and immunologic responses of HLA-A3+ breast cancer patients vaccinated with the HER2/neu-derived peptide vaccine, E75, in a phase I/II clinical trial. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:140–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peled N, Oton AB, Hirsch FR, Bunn P. MAGE A3 antigen-specific cancer immunotherapeutic. Immunotherapy. 2009;1:19–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez SA, von Hofe E, Kallinteris NL, et al. A new era in anticancer peptide vaccines. Cancer. 2010;116:2071–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pernemalm M, De Petris L, Branca RM, et al. Quantitative proteomics profiling of primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors reveals functional perturbations in tumor metabolism. J Proteome Res. 2013;12:3934–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perreard L, Fan C, Quackenbush JF, et al. Classification and risk stratification of invasive breast carcinomas using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8:R23.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petty RD, Kerr KM, Murray GI, et al. Tumor transcriptome reveals the predictive and prognostic impact of lysosomal protease inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:1729–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. NEJM. 2005;353:1659–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierceall WE, Kornblau SM, Carlson NE, et al. BH3 profiling discriminates response to cytarabine-based treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013;12:2940–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pilla L, Rivoltini L, Patuzzo R, et al. Multipeptide vaccination in cancer patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009;9:1043–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polo JM, Juszczynski P, Monti S, et al. Transcriptional signature with differential expression of BCL6 target genes accurately identifies BCL6-dependent diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:3207–12.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep S, Kim SW, Wu SY, et al. Hematogenous metastasis of ovarian cancer: rethinking mode of spread. Cancer Cell. 2014;26:77–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Predina J, Eruslanov E, Judy B, et al. Changes in the local tumor microenvironment in recurrent cancers may explain the failure of vaccines after surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:E415–24.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Press RD, Kamel-Reid S, Ang D. BCR-ABL1 RT-qPCR for monitoring the molecular response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn. 2013;15:565–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O’Malley FP, et al. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. NEJM. 2006;354:2103–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pui CH, Campana D, Pei D, et al. Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation. NEJM. 2009;360:2730–41.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puzanov I, Flaherty KT. Targeted molecular therapy in melanoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010;29:196–201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raj L, Ide T, Gurkar AU, et al. Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS. Nature. 2011;475:231–4.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ratner ES, Keane FK, Lindner R, et al. A KRAS variant is a biomarker of poor outcome, platinum chemotherapy resistance and a potential target for therapy in ovarian cancer. Oncogene. 2012;31:4559–66.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinis M. BiovaxID, a personalized therapeutic vaccine against B-cell lymphomas. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008;10:526–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes DR, Ateeq B, Cao Q, et al. AGTR1 overexpression defines a subset of breast cancer and confers sensitivity to losartan, an AGTR1 antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:10284–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rieger KE, Hong WJ, Tusher VJ, et al. Toxicity from radiation therapy associated with abnormal transcriptional responses to DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:6635–40.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riemenschneider MJ, Hegi ME, Reifenberger G. MGMT promoter methylation in malignant gliomas. Target Oncol. 2010;5:161–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romero Rosales K, Singh G, Wu K, et al. Sphingolipid-based drugs selectively kill cancer cells by down-regulating nutrient transporter proteins. Biochem J. 2011;439:299–311.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romero I, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora AM. Metastases in immune-mediated dormancy: a new opportunity for targeting cancer. Cancer Res. 2014;74:6750–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosell R. Mediating resistance in oncogene-driven cancers. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1551–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosell R, Moran T, Queralt C, et al. Screening for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer. NEJM. 2009;361:958–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi D, Rasi S, Spina V, et al. Integrated mutational and cytogenetic analysis identifies new prognostic subgroups in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:1403–12.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Röth A, Harley CB, Baerlocher GM. Imetelstat (GRN163L)–telomerase-based cancer therapy. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2010;184:221–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rottenberg S, Jaspers JE, Kersbergen A, et al. High sensitivity of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors to the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 alone and in combination with platinum drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:17079–84.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudin CM, Hann CL, Laterra J, et al. Treatment of medulloblastoma with hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449. NEJM. 2009;361:1173–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rummel S, Varner E, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Evaluation of BRCA1 mutations in an unselected patient population with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137:119–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russnes HG, Navin N, Hicks J, Borresen-Dale AL. Insight into the heterogeneity of breast cancer through next-generation sequencing. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:3810–8.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santana VM, Furman WL, Billups CA, et al. Improved response in high-risk neuroblastoma with protracted topotecan administration using a pharmacokinetically guided dosing approach. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4039–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert DA, et al. Fine-mapping the HOXB region detects common variants tagging a rare coding allele: evidence for synthetic association in prostate cancer. PLoS Genet. 2014;10(2):e1004129.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sebio A, Salazar J, Páez D, et al. EGFR ligands and DNA repair genes: genomic predictors of complete response after capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics J. 2015;15:77–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmieder AH, Winter PM, Caruthers SD, et al. Molecular MR imaging of melanoma angiogenesis with anb3-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med. 2005;53:621–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott KL, Kabbarah O, Lian MC, et al. GOLPH3 modulates mTOR signalling and rapamycin sensitivity in cancer. Nature. 2009;459:1085–90.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Senzer N, Barve M, Kuhn J, et al. Phase I trial of “bi-shRNAi(furin)/GMCSF DNA/autologous tumor cell” vaccine (FANG) in advanced cancer. Mol Ther. 2012;20:679–86.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sequist LV, Nagrath S, Toner M, et al. The CTC-chip: an exciting new tool to detect circulating tumor cells in lung cancer patients. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4:281–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sequist LV, Heist RS, Shaw AT, et al. Implementing multiplexed genotyping of non-small-cell lung cancers into routine clinical practice. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:2616–24.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R, et al. Ceritinib in ALK-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1189–97.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shore N, Concepcion R, Saltzstein D, et al. Clinical utility of a biopsy-based cell cycle gene expression assay in localized prostate cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014;30:547–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shrimali RK, Yu Z, Theoret MR, et al. Antiangiogenic agents can increase lymphocyte infiltration into tumor and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70:6171–80.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silvestri A, Pin E, Huijber A, et al. Individualized therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Intern Med. 2013;274:1–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006;314:268–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, et al. Adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1273–83.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slobbe P, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD, van Dongen G. PET imaging with small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors: TKI-PET. Drug Discov Today. 2012;17:1175–87.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CC, Wang Q, Chin CS, et al. Validation of ITD mutations in FLT3 as a therapeutic target in human acute myeloid leukaemia. Nature. 2012;485:260–3.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snozek CL, O’Kane DJ, Algeciras-Schimnich A. Pharmacogenetics of solid tumors. directed therapy in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. J Mol Diagn. 2009;11:381–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song R, Liu Q, Hutvagner G, et al. Rule discovery and distance separation to detect reliable miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2014;15 Suppl 9:S16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sos ML, Fischer S, Ullrich R, et al. Identifying genotype-dependent efficacy of single and combined PI3K- and MAPK-pathway inhibition in cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:18351–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sotiriou C, Pusztai L. Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. NEJM. 2009;360:790–800.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sottoriva A, Spiteri I, Piccirillo SG, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity in human glioblastoma reflects cancer evolutionary dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:4009–14.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer SL, Gaudet S, Albeck JG, et al. Non-genetic origins of cell-to-cell variability in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Nature. 2009;459:428–32.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakos GS, Antipas VP, Uzunoglu NK. Simulating chemotherapeutic schemes in the individualized treatment context: the paradigm of glioblastoma multiforme treated by temozolomide in vivo. Comput Biol Med. 2006;36:1216–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Su Z, Dannull J, Yang BK, et al. Telomerase mRNA-transfected dendritic cells stimulate antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. J Immunol. 2005;174:3798–807.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tagliabue E, Balsari A, Campiglio M, Pupa SM. HER2 as a target for breast cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010;10:711–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi F, Solomon B, Gregorc V, et al. Mass spectrometry to classify non-small-cell lung cancer patients for clinical outcome after treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a multicohort cross-institutional study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:838–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi N, Yamada Y, Furuta K, et al. Serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor and epiregulin are associated with the prognosis on anti-EGFR antibody treatment in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:2716–27.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon P, Farahani K. NCI image-guided drug delivery summit. Cancer Res. 2011;71:314–7.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teschendorff AE, Miremadi A, Pinder SE, et al. An immune response gene expression module identifies a good prognosis subtype in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Genome Biol. 2007;8:R157.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thaxton CS, Elghanian R, Thomas AD, et al. Nanoparticle-based bio-barcode assay redefines “undetectable” PSA and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:18437–42.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature. 2012;487:330–7.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature. 2011;474:609–15.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2059–74.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tian Q, Price ND, Hood L. Systems cancer medicine: towards realization of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine (key symposium). J Intern Med. 2012;271:111–21.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman JM, Vose JM, Czerwinski DK, et al. Tumor-specific recombinant idiotype immunisation after chemotherapy as initial treatment for follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50:37–46.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Roca JF. A molecular assay of tumor radiosensitivity: a roadmap towards biology-based personalized radiation therapy. Per Med. 2012;9:547–57.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toss A, Mu Z, Fernandez S, Cristofanilli M. CTC enumeration and characterization: moving toward personalized medicine. Ann Transl Med. 2014;2:108.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vecchione A, Belletti B, Lovat F, et al. A microRNA signature defines chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through modulation of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:9845–50.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhaak R, Tamayo P, Yang JY, et al. Prognostically relevant gene signatures of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 2013;123:517–25.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villanueva A, Toffanin S, Llovet JM. Linking molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma and personalized medicine: preliminary steps. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20:444–53.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallwiener M, Riethdorf S, Hartkopf AD, et al. Serial enumeration of circulating tumor cells predicts treatment response and prognosis in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective study in 393 patients. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:512.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weichselbaum RA, Ishwaran H, Yoon T, et al. An interferon-related gene signature for DNA damage resistance is a predictive marker for chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:18490–5.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein JN. Spotlight on molecular profiling: “Integromic” analysis of the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:2601–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler CJ, Black KL. DCVax-brain and DC vaccines in the treatment of GBM. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:509–19.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkerson MD, Yin X, Walter V, et al. Differential pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes involving sequence mutations, copy number, chromosomal instability, and methylation. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36530.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood CG, Mulders P. Vitespen: a preclinical and clinical review. Future Oncol. 2009;5:763–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Worsham MJ, Ali H, Dragovic J, Schweitzer VP. Molecular characterization of head and neck cancer: how close to personalized targeted therapy? Mol Diagn Ther. 2012;16:209–22.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woyach JA, Furman RR, Liu TM, et al. Resistance mechanisms for the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2286–94.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu K, Nie Y, Guo C, et al. Molecular basis of therapeutic approaches to gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:37–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu LY, Liu T, Hopkins MR, et al. Chemoaffinity capture of pre-targeted prostate cancer cells with magnetic beads. Prostate. 2012;72:1532–41.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav AK, Renfrow JJ, Scholtens DM, et al. Monosomy of chromosome 10 associated with dysregulation of epidermal growth factor signaling in glioblastomas. JAMA. 2009;302:276–89.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Zhou J, Weidong C, et al. 14-3-3zeta positive expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with Glioblastoma. Neurosurgery. 2011;68:932–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JS, Li BJ, Lu HW, et al. Serum miR-152, miR-148a, miR-148b, and miR-21 as novel biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer screening. Tumour Biol 14 Dec 2014 [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh IT, Martin MA, Robetorye RS, et al. Clinical validation of an array CGH test for HER2 status in breast cancer reveals that polysomy 17 is a rare event. Mod Pathol. 2009;22:1169–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo BK, Gredler R, Vozhill N, et al. Identification of genes conferring resistance to 5-fluorouracil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:12938–43.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan H, Myers S, Wang J, et al. Use of reprogrammed cells to identify therapy for respiratory papillomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1220–7.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao H, Jin G, Cui K, et al. Novel modeling of cancer cell signaling pathways enables systematic drug repositioning for distinct breast cancer metastases. Cancer Res. 2013;73:6149–63.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy Jr JD, et al. The molecular characterization and clinical management of multiple myeloma in the post-genome era. Leukemia. 2009;23:1941–56.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu H, Acquaviva J, Ramachandran P, et al. Oncogenic EGFR signaling cooperates with loss of tumor suppressor gene functions in gliomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2712–6.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jain PharmaBiotech, Basel, Switzerland

    Kewal K. Jain

Authors
  1. Kewal K. Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jain, K.K. (2015). Personalized Therapy of Cancer. In: Textbook of Personalized Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2553-7_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation