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Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers of Animals Caused by Negative-Strand RNA Viruses

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Global Virology I - Identifying and Investigating Viral Diseases

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Abstract

The term “viral hemorrhagic fevers” (VHFs) can loosely be applied to many serious diseases of animals (including fish, who are incapable of a fever response). While VHFs of humans are caused by viruses limited to only 4–5 families (i.e., Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, and possibly Rhabdoviridae), VHFs of animals are caused by a much broader variety of viruses. Therefore, chapters 11–14 were grouped using the Baltimore classification, i.e., by genome type, as opposed to the classification supported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. As one could guess, the largest number of VHFs in animals is caused by negative-stranded RNA viruses, but some are caused by viruses that have positive-sense or double-stranded RNA genomes, and some even have DNA genomes. This chapter focuses on negative-stranded RNA viruses. However, the reader is encouraged to read all four chapters to get an idea of the breadth of disease mechanisms and natural histories of this fascinating group of viruses that have both direct and indirect effects on humans, as well as implications for larger societal issues, such as food security and ecological dynamics. At the end of each chapter, “honorable mention” is given to some serious viral diseases that may have incomplete hemorrhagic features in regard to the definition provided in this first chapter of this series.

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Acknowledgments

The authors have no conflict of interests. We thank Laura Bollinger (IRF-Frederick) and Jennifer Muller (NCAH) for technical writing services. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the US Department of Agriculture and/or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. JHK performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services, Inc., a subcontractor to Battelle Memorial Institute under its prime contract with NIAID, under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section for Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, Pb 750, Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway

    Knut Falk V.M.D., Ph.D., Maria Aamelfot V.M.D., Ph.D. & Ole Bendik Dale V.M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Commercial Fisheries Division, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 115526, 1255 W. 8th Street, Juneau, AK, USA

    Theodore R. Meyers A.A.S., B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

  3. Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Homeland Security, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA

    Sally Ann Iverson D.V.M., M.P.H.

  4. Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Homeland Security, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA

    William R. White B.V.Sc., M.P.H.

  5. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA

    Laura Bollinger M.S., Peter B. Jahrling Ph.D. & Jens H. Kuhn M.D., Ph.D., Ph.D., M.S.

  6. National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA

    Charles E. Lewis D.V.M., M.P.H.

  7. National Animal Health Laboratory Network, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA

    Christina M. Loiacono D.V.M., Ph.D., D.A.C.V.P.

  8. National Centers for Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA

    David White D.V.M., Ph.D., D.A.C.V.M.

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  1. Knut Falk V.M.D., Ph.D.
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  4. Theodore R. Meyers A.A.S., B.S., M.S., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to David White D.V.M., Ph.D., D.A.C.V.M. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Infectious Diseases and International He, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases and Inte, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  4. C.W. Bill Young Center for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases, NIH-NIAID Div. Clinical Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Jens H. Kuhn

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Falk, K. et al. (2015). Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers of Animals Caused by Negative-Strand RNA Viruses. In: Shapshak, P., Sinnott, J., Somboonwit, C., Kuhn, J. (eds) Global Virology I - Identifying and Investigating Viral Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2410-3_11

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