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Current Screening and Surveillance Guidelines

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Colorectal Cancer Screening

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Average-risk individuals in the USA have an approximately 5 % lifetime risk of developing CRC and a 2–3 % risk of death from CRC. Screening for colonic neoplasms has the potential to reduce CRC-related incidence and mortality and time-trend data suggest that this potential is being realized. There are a variety of CRC screening options available, including stool-based tests (generally better at detecting cancer than precancerous lesions) and imaging modalities, which can detect cancerous and precancerous lesions (such as adenomas and sessile serrated polyps). This chapter first reviews the available evidence for each screening tool in the average-risk population and then compares and contrasts the screening recommendations put forth by the USA and international guidelines. Then, the evidence for CRC screening in high-risk populations, such as those with a family history of colonic neoplasm and those with familial CRC syndromes, is reviewed and finally, we review the evidence to support colonic surveillance in those found to have neoplasia (polyps and CRC) and also review published recommendations for surveillance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Swati G. Patel

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 5001 E 17th Ave Pkwy, 80220, Denver, CO, USA

    Dennis J. Ahnen

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  1. Swati G. Patel
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Correspondence to Dennis J. Ahnen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Aasma Shaukat

  2. Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    John I. Allen

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Patel, S., Ahnen, D. (2015). Current Screening and Surveillance Guidelines. In: Shaukat, A., Allen, J. (eds) Colorectal Cancer Screening. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2333-5_2

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