Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Genitourinary Pathology pp 93–111Cite as

Nomograms for Prostate Cancer Decision Making

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1679 Accesses

Abstract

Nomograms facilitate the conversation between the physician and the patient when discussing all the potential treatment options for localized prostate cancer. By using continuous, multivariable models—nomograms—the patient has an accurate means to determine estimation of success and make decisions on therapy that are most in line with his beliefs and fit his lifestyle. Currently, there are multiple nomograms that address all the different variables present at each of the clinical states of prostate cancer. As therapies evolve and series mature, these prediction models need to be updated and revalidated to best predict the likelihood of long-term urinary and sexual function, as well as oncological outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Albertsen PC, Hanley JA, Fine J. 20-year outcomes following conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 2005;293(17):2095–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ross PL, Gerigk C, Gonen M, Yossepowitch O, Cagiannos I, Sogani PC, et al. Comparisons of nomograms and urologists’ predictions in prostate cancer. Semin Urol Oncol. 2002;20(2):82–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. D’Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, Schultz D, Blank K, Broderick GA, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 1998;280(11):969–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cooperberg MR, Pasta DJ, Elkin EP, Litwin MS, Latini DM, Du Chane J, et al. The University of California, San Francisco cancer of the prostate risk assessment score: a straightforward and reliable preoperative predictor of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2005;173(6):1938–42.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mitchell JA, Cooperberg MR, Elkin EP, Lubeck DP, Mehta SS, Kane CJ, et al. Ability of 2 pretreatment risk assessment methods to predict prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy: data from CaPSURE. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1126–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Partin AW, Kattan MW, Subong EN et al. Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional update. JAMA 1997; 277:1445–51.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chan T, Partin A, Walsh P, Epstein J. Prognostic significance of Gleason score 3 + 4 versus Gleason score 4 + 3 tumor at radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2000;56(5):823–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kattan MW, Scardino P. Prediction of progression: nomograms of clinical utility. Clin Prostate Cancer. 2002;1(2):90–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Scher HI, Heller G. Clinical states in prostate cancer: toward a dynamic model of disease progression. Urology. 2000;55(3):323–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ross PL, Scardino PT, Kattan MW. A catalog of prostate cancer nomograms. J Urol. 2001;165(5):1562–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bianco FJ Jr., Scardino PT, Eastham JA. Radical prostatectomy: long-term cancer control and recovery of sexual and urinary function (“trifecta”). Urology. 2005;66(5 Suppl):83–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Graefen M, Karakiewicz PI, Cagiannos I, Quinn DI, Henshall SM, Grygiel JJ, et al. International validation of a preoperative nomogram for prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(15):3206–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bianco FJ Jr., Kattan MW, Scardino PT, Powell IJ, Pontes JE, Wood DP Jr.. Radical prostatectomy nomograms in black American men: accuracy and applicability. J Urol. 2003;170(1):73–6; discussion 6–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Stephenson AJ, Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Dotan ZA, Bianco FJ Jr., Lilja H, et al. Defining biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a proposal for a standardized definition. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(24):3973–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Bianco FJ Jr., Dotan ZA, Fearn PA, et al. Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(10):715–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Stephenson AJ, Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Bianco FJ Jr., Yossepowitch O, Vickers AJ, et al. Prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy for patients treated in the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(26):4300–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Bianco FJ Jr., Dotan ZA, DiBlasio CJ, et al. Postoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(28):7005–12.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kattan MW, Zelefsky MJ, Kupelian PA, Scardino PT, Fuks Z, Leibel SA. Pretreatment nomogram for predicting the outcome of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(19):3352–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zelefsky MJ, Kattan MW, Fearn P, Fearon BL, Stasi JP, Shippy AM, et al. Pretreatment nomogram predicting ten-year biochemical outcome of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Urology. 2007;70(2):283–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kattan MW, Zelefsky MJ, Kupelian PA, Cho D, Scardino PT, Fuks Z, et al. Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of metastasis following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(24):4568–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kattan MW, Potters L, Blasko JC, Beyer DC, Fearn P, Cavanagh W, et al. Pretreatment nomogram for predicting freedom from recurrence after permanent prostate brachytherapy in prostate cancer. Urology. 2001;58(3):393–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Potters L, Roach M 3rd, Davis BJ, Stock RG, Ciezki JP, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Postoperative nomogram predicting the 9-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after permanent prostate brachytherapy using radiation dose as a prognostic variable. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(4):1061–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kattan MW, Cuzick J, Fisher G, Berney DM, Oliver T, Foster CS, et al. Nomogram incorporating PSA level to predict cancer-specific survival for men with clinically localized prostate cancer managed without curative intent. Cancer. 2008;112(1):69–74.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Wheeler TM, Maru N, Scardino PT, Erbersdobler A, et al. Counseling men with prostate cancer: a nomogram for predicting the presence of small, moderately differentiated, confined tumors. J Urol. 2003;170(5):1792–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dong F, Kattan MW, Steyerberg EW, Jones JS, Stephenson AJ, Schroder FH, et al. Validation of pretreatment nomograms for predicting indolent prostate cancer: efficacy in contemporary urological practice. J Urol. 2008;180(1):150–4; discussion 4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nguyen CT, Kattan MW. Development of a prostate cancer metagram: a solution to the dilemma of which prediction tool to use in patient counseling. Cancer. 2009;115(13 Suppl):3039–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, et al. Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(8):529–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, Chan DW, Pearson JD, Walsh PC. Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 1999;281(17):1591–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Freedland SJ, Humphreys EB, Mangold LA, Eisenberger M, Dorey FJ, Walsh PC, et al. Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 2005;294(4):433–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Teeter AE, Presti JC Jr., Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ, Amling CL, et al. Do nomograms designed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) do a better job of predicting more clinically relevant prostate cancer outcomes than BCR? A report from the SEARCH database group. Urology. 2013;82(1):53–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW, Pisansky TM, Slawin KM, Klein EA, et al. Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(15):2035–41.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Moreira DM, Jayachandran J, Presti JC Jr., Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ, et al. Validation of a nomogram to predict disease progression following salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database. BJU Int. 2009;104(10):1452–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Halabi S, Lin CY, Small EJ, Armstrong AJ, Kaplan EB, Petrylak D, et al. Prognostic model predicting metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer survival in men treated with second-line chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(22):1729–37.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Omlin A, Pezaro C, Mukherji D, Mulick Cassidy A, Sandhu S, Bianchini D, et al. Improved survival in a cohort of trial participants with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrates the need for updated prognostic nomograms. Eur Urol. 2013;64(2):300–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Halabi S, Small EJ, Kantoff PW, Kattan MW, Kaplan EB, Dawson NA, et al. Prognostic model for predicting survival in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(7):1232–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Greene KL, Meng MV, Elkin EP, Cooperberg MR, Pasta DJ, Kattan MW, et al. Validation of the Kattan preoperative nomogram for prostate cancer recurrence using a community based cohort: results from cancer of the prostate strategic urological research endeavor (capsure). J Urol. 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2255–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gretzer MB, Trock BJ, Han M, Walsh PC. A critical analysis of the interpretation of biochemical failure in surgically treated patients using the American society for therapeutic radiation and oncology criteria. J Urol. 2002;168(4 Pt 1):1419–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Urologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Cesar E. Ercole MD & Andrew J. Stephenson MD

  2. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Michael W. Kattan PhD

Authors
  1. Cesar E. Ercole MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael W. Kattan PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew J. Stephenson MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew J. Stephenson MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Cristina Magi-Galluzzi

  2. Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Christopher G. Przybycin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ercole, C., Kattan, M., Stephenson, A. (2015). Nomograms for Prostate Cancer Decision Making. In: Magi-Galluzzi, C., Przybycin, C. (eds) Genitourinary Pathology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2043-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2044-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation