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Howler Monkeys pp 229-258 | Cite as

The Howler Monkey as a Model for Exploring Host-Gut Microbiota Interactions in Primates

  • Katherine R. AmatoEmail author
  • Nicoletta Righini
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects book series (DIPR)

Abstract

The mammalian gut microbiota is essential to many aspects of host physiology, including nutrition, metabolic activity, and immune homeostasis. Despite the existence of numerous studies of the impact of the gut microbiota on human health and disease, much work remains to be done to improve our understanding of the host-microbe relationship in nonhuman primates. Howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) are highly dependent on the gut microbiota for the breakdown of plant structural carbohydrates, and in this chapter we use new data describing the gut microbiome of captive and wild black howler monkeys (A. pigra) to develop and test two models of host-microbe interactions and bioenergetics. Improving our understanding of how spatial and temporal fluctuations in diet affect the nonhuman primate gut microbiota, and how this in turn influences host nutrition and physiology, has important implications for the study of the role that the gut microbiota plays in primate ecology, health, and conservation.

Keywords

Gut microbiome Health Nutrition Growth Reproduction 

Resumen

El papel de la microbiota intestinal es fundamental para muchos aspectos de la fisiología de los mamíferos, incluyendo la nutrición, la actividad metabólica y la homeostasis del sistema inmune. A pesar de la existencia de muchos estudios acerca de la microbiota intestinal humana debido a sus implicaciones para la salud, aún queda mucho por hacer para poder entender la relación huésped-microorganismos en primates no humanos. Los monos aulladores (Alouatta spp.) dependen de manera importante de los microbios intestinales para la digestión de los carbohidratos estructurales de las plantas. En este capítulo utilizamos nuevos datos sobre la composición de la microbiota de monos aulladores negros cautivos y silvestres (A. pigra) para desarrollar y poner a prueba dos modelos sobre las interacciones huésped-microbios desde un punto de vista ecológico y bioenergético. El análisis del efecto de las fluctuaciones espaciales y temporales de la dieta sobre la microbiota intestinal de los primates, y de cómo esto a su vez se refleja en la nutrición y fisiología del huésped, tiene implicaciones importantes para entender el papel de la microbiota en la ecología, salud y conservación de los primates.

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Notes

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank A. Estrada and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México for logistic support. Thanks are also due to R. Mackie for use of lab supplies and space at the University of Illinois. Research was carried out under permits from the Mexican environmental agencies, the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), the Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), and the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP). The Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) in Mexico and the Center for Disease Control in the U.S. provided permits for sample transport. We acknowledge the helpful comments of P. Garber and one anonymous reviewer on this manuscript. This project was funded by the NSF grant #0935347 (HOMINID). Fieldwork and preliminary lab work were funded by grants from the University of Illinois (Beckman, Tinker, and the Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology) to KRA. KRA was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. 16S sequence data are available from the authors upon request.

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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignUSA
  2. 2.Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderUSA
  3. 3.Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignUSA
  4. 4.Instituto de Ecologia, A.C.XalapaMexico

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