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Hybridization in Howler Monkeys: Current Understanding and Future Directions

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Howler Monkeys

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Hybridization, or the process by which individuals from genetically distinct populations (e.g., species, subspecies) mate and produce at least some offspring, is of great relevance to understanding the basis of reproductive isolation and, in some cases, the origins of biodiversity. Natural hybridization among primates has been well documented for a few taxa, but just recently the genetic confirmation of hybridization for a number of taxa has produced new awareness of the prevalence of this phenomenon within the order and its importance in primate evolution. The study of hybridization of Alouatta pigra and A. palliata in Mexico was among the first to genetically confirm the current occurrence of hybridization in primates. Following this study, other reports of hybridization have shown that this phenomenon is more widespread among primates than previously anticipated. Within the genus Alouatta, there have been reports on the presence of hybridization between A. caraya and A. guariba in a number of contact zones in Brazil and Argentina, and various studies are currently ongoing in some of these sites to understand the extent and patterns of hybridization between these species. In this chapter, we evaluate the extent of hybridization in the genus Alouatta, revise the current knowledge of the genetic and morphological aspects of these hybrid systems, and identify future directions in the study of hybridization within this genus, to understand the possible implications of the hybridization process in the evolutionary history of howler monkeys.

Resumen

Hibridación, o el proceso mediante el cual individuos de poblaciones genéticamente distintas (especies o subespecies) se aparean y producen descendencia, tiene gran relevancia en la comprensión de las bases para el aislamiento reproductivo entre distintos taxa y, en algunos casos, para entender el origen de la biodiversidad. La hibridación natural entre primates ha sido bien conocida para unas cuantas especies, pero sólo recientemente la confirmación genética de hibridación entre numerosos taxa de primates ha sido posible y ha conducido a una nueva percepción de la prevalencia de este fenómeno entre los primates y su importancia en la evolución de este grupo. El estudio de la hibridación entre Alouatta pigra and A. palliata en México fue uno de los primeros que confirmó con evidencia genética la ocurrencia de hibridación en primates. Después de este estudio, otros reportes de hibridación en distintos taxa de primates han puesto de manifiesto que este fenómeno es más común en el orden Primates de lo que inicialmente se pensaba. Dentro del género Alouatta, también han habido reportes de hibridación entre A. caraya y A. guariba en distintas zonas de contacto en Brasil y Argentina, y varios estudios actualmente están en curso en algunas de estas áreas para entender la magnitud de este fenómeno y los patrones de hibridación entre estas especies. En este capítulo evaluamos la presencia de hibridación en el género Alouatta, revisamos lo que se conoce sobre los aspectos genéticos y morfológicos en estos sistemas híbridos y planteamos direcciones futuras en el estudio de la hibridación en este género, para entender las implicaciones del proceso de hibridación en la historia evolutiva de los monos aulladores.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by NSF grant # BCS-0962807 to LCO. Genetic, behavioral, and morphologic work presented in this study for the Mexican hybrid zone was supported by the University of Michigan (OVPR #U014374), Universidad Veracruzana, PROMEP UVER 98-11-019 and 103.5/03/1154EXB-9, and NSF grants DEB-0640519 and BCS-0962807 to LCO. Research in Argentina was supported by a Conservation Grant of the International Primatological Society to IA and from Idea Wild. Behavioral and morphological studies in Paraná Brazil by LMA were supported by CNPq and Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Research in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was supported by a CAPES fellowship to FES and by CNPq research grants (#306090/2006-6 and 303154/2009-8) to JCBM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Liliana Cortés-Ortiz

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET)—Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina

    Ilaria Agostini

  3. CeIBA (Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina

    Ilaria Agostini

  4. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil

    Lucas M. Aguiar

  5. Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Mary Kelaita

  6. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil

    Felipe Ennes Silva

  7. Faculdade de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Júlio César Bicca-Marques

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  1. Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
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  2. Ilaria Agostini
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  3. Lucas M. Aguiar
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  4. Mary Kelaita
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  5. Felipe Ennes Silva
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  6. Júlio César Bicca-Marques
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liliana Cortés-Ortiz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Estación Biológica Corrientes, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Martín M. Kowalewski

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Paul A. Garber

  3. Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Liliana Cortés-Ortiz

  4. Centro de Antropología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela

    Bernardo Urbani

  5. Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessalonik, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dionisios Youlatos

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Cortés-Ortiz, L., Agostini, I., Aguiar, L.M., Kelaita, M., Silva, F.E., Bicca-Marques, J.C. (2015). Hybridization in Howler Monkeys: Current Understanding and Future Directions. In: Kowalewski, M., Garber, P., Cortés-Ortiz, L., Urbani, B., Youlatos, D. (eds) Howler Monkeys. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1957-4_5

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