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Neural Stem Cells and Demyelinating Disease

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Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

The adult central nervous system (CNS) responds to myelin loss by generating new myelin sheaths in a robust regenerative process mediated by local stem/precursor cells. This process, termed remyelination, represents an exciting ability of the CNS to repair itself and is the default response to demyelination. Remyelination reinstates rapid axonal conduction and resolves functional deficits, although it is compromised in a number of important diseases. Delayed or incomplete remyelination results in exposed axons that lack trophic support from the myelin sheath and so become vulnerable to progressive degeneration with resultant neurological dysfunction. Therapeutically enhanced remyelination in the treatment of demyelinating disease is an important and attractive goal, and current research focuses on two categories of potential therapeutics: those that stimulate endogenous stem/precursor cells and those in which new stem cells are introduced to the patient to promote remyelination. A prerequisite for successful development of such therapeutics is a detailed understanding of the major cellular players and molecular mechanisms that underpin this biological process. In this chapter, we will review the progress made in unraveling the details of remyelination, followed by a discussion on how such information is being utilized to develop stem cell therapeutics for demyelinating disease.

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  1. Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK

    Abbe H. Crawford & Robin J. M. Franklin

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    H. Georg Kuhn

  2. Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

    Amelia J. Eisch

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Crawford, A.H., Franklin, R.J.M. (2015). Neural Stem Cells and Demyelinating Disease. In: Kuhn, H., Eisch, A. (eds) Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1908-6_8

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