Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photodynamic Therapy of Malignancies of the Nasopharynx, the Nasal Cavity, and the Paranasal Sinuses

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology

  • 912 Accesses

Abstract

Malignancies of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses pose a challenge for treatment due to the proximity of vital structures. Especially when conventional treatments such as radiotherapy and surgery fail, treatment alternatives are very limited. The concept of applying photodynamic therapy (PDT) to this area, either alone or as adjuvant to surgery, is a new concept. There is not much published data about this application. In our institute and a few more centers, the experience is accumulating. The challenges are safety of PDT in this dangerous area and providing homogenous light delivery in a complex anatomy. In the following chapter current literature is reviewed and our experience and efforts to optimize the techniques explained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yu MC, Yuan JM. Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol. 2002;12:421–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wei WI, Sham JST. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 2005;365:2041–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lin JC, Jan JS. Locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: long-term outcomes of radiation therapy. Radiology. 1999;211(2):513–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Al Sarraf M, LeBlanc M, Giri PG, Fu KK, Cooper J, Vuong T, Forastiere AA, Adams G, Sakr WA, Schuller DE, et al. Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: phase III randomized Intergroup study 0099. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:1310–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wee J, Tan EH, Tai BC, Wong HB, Leong SS, Tan T, Chua ET, Yang E, Lee KM, Fong KW, et al. Randomized trial of radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union against cancer stage III and IV nasopharyngeal cancer of the endemic variety. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6730–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Leung TW, Wong VY, Sze WK, Lui CM, Tung SY. High-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy boost for early T stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma{private}. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70:361–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Palazzi M, Orlandi E, Bossi P, Pignoli E, Potepan P, Guzzo M, Franceschini M, Scaramellini G, Cantu G, Licitra L, et al. Further improvement in outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with optimized radiotherapy and induction plus concomitant chemotherapy: an update of the Milan experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74:774–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang L, Zhao C, Ghimire B, Hong MH, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Huang YJ, Guan ZZ. The role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma among endemic population: a meta-analysis of the phase III randomized trials. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:558.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang JTC, See LC, Liao CT, Ng SH, Wang CH, Chen IH, Tsang NM, Tseng CK, Tang SG, Hong JH. Locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54:135–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Suarez C, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Langendijk JA, Shaha AR, Ferlito A. Current treatment options for recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1811–24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee AW, Law SC, Foo W, Poon YF, Cheung FK, Chan DK, Tung SY, Thaw M, Ho JH. Retrospective analysis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976–1985: survival after local recurrence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993;26:773–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Law SC, Lam WK, Ng MF, Au SK, Mak WT, Lau WH. Reirradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intracavitary mold brachytherapy: an effective means of local salvage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;54:1095–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kwong DL, Wei WI, Cheng AC, Choy DT, Lo AT, Wu PM, Sham JS. Long term results of radioactive gold grain implantation for the treatment of persistent and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;91:1105–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Leung TW, Tung SY, Sze WK, Sze WM, Wong VY, Wong CS, O SK. Salvage radiation therapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48:1331–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Leung TW, Tung SY, Sze WK, Sze WM, Wong VY, O SK. Salvage brachytherapy for patients with locally persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47:405–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Teo PM, Kwan WH, Chan AT, Lee WY, King WW, Mok CO. How successful is high-dose (> or = 60 Gy) reirradiation using mainly external beams in salvaging local failures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;40:897–913.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee AW, Foo W, Law SC, Poon YF, Sze WM, O SK, Tung SY, Chappell R, Lau WH, Ho JH. Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the puzzles of long latency. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;44:149–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hwang JM, Fu KK, Phillips TL. Results and prognostic factors in the retreatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;41:1099–111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chua DT, Sham JS, Kwong PW, Hung KN, Leung LH. Linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery for limited, locally persistent, and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: efficacy and complications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56:177–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Stoker SD, van Diessen JN, de Boer JP, Karakullukcu B, Leemans CR, Tan IB. Current treatment options for local residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2013;14(4):475–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen MK, Lai JC, Chang CC, Liu MT. Minimally invasive endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in the treatment of recurrent T1-2a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:894–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wei WI, Chan JY, Ng RW, Ho WK. Surgical salvage of persistent or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma with maxillary swing approach—critical appraisal after 2 decades. Head Neck. 2011;33(7):969–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sun ZQ. Photodynamic therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by argon or dye laser—an analysis of 137 cases. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 1992;14:290–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kulapaditharom B, Boonkitticharoen V. Photodynamic therapy in management of head and neck cancers and precancerous lesions. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000;83:249–58.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tong MC, van Hasselt CA, Woo JK. Preliminary results of photodynamic therapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1996;253:189–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lofgren LA, Hallgren S, Nilsson E, Westerborn A, Nilsson C, Reizenstein J. Photodynamic therapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:997–1002.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Nyst HJ, Wildeman MA, Indrasari SR, Karakullukcu B, van Veen RL, Adham M, Stewart FA, Levendag PC, Sterenborg HJ, Tan IB. Temoporfin mediated photodynamic therapy in patients with local persistent and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after curative radiotherapy: a feasibility study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012;9(3):274–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Succo G, Rosso S, Fadda GL, Fantini M, Crosetti E. Salvage photodynamic therapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2014;11(2):63–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Indrasari SR, Timmermans AJ, Wildeman MA, Karakullukcu MB, Herdini C, Hariwiyanto B, Tan IB. Remarkable response to photodynamic therapy in residual T4N0M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012;9(4):319–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nyst HJ, van Veen RL, Tan IB, Peters R, Spaniol S, Robinson DJ, Stewart FA, Levendag PC, Sterenborg HJ. Performance of a dedicated light delivery and dosimetry device for photodynamic therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: phantom and volunteer experiments. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(8):647–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52:23–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Boyle JO, Shah KC, Shah JP. Craniofacial resection for malignant neoplasms of the skull base: an overview. J Surg Oncol. 1998;69:275–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ganly I, Patel SG, et al. Craniofacial resection for malignant paranasal sinus tumors: report of an international collaborative study. Head Neck. 2005;27(7):575–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Woertgen C, Rothoerl RD, Hosemann W, Strutz J. Quality of life following surgery for malignancies of anterior skull base. Skull Base. 2007;17(2):119–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Castelnuovo PG, Belli E, Bignami M, Battaglia P, Sberze F, Tomei G. Endoscopic nasal and anterior craniotomy resection for malignant nasoethmoid tumors involving the anterior skull base. Skull Base. 2006;16(1):15–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Jansen EP, Keus RB, Hilgers FJ, Haas RL, Tan IB, Bartelink H. Does the combination of radiotherapy and debulking surgery favor survival in paranasal sinus carcinoma? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48(1):27–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hoppe BS, Stegman LD, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Treatment of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer with modern radiotherapy techniques in the postoperative setting—the MSKCC experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67:691–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Iwata H, Tatewaki K, Inoue M, Yokota N, Sato K, Shibamato Y. Salvage stereotactic reirradiation using the Cyberknife for the local recurrence of nasal or paranasal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2012;104(3):355–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wong SJ, Machtay M, Li Y. Locally recurrent, previously irradiated head and neck cancer: concurrent re-irradiation and chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone? J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2653–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hoebers F, Heemsbergen W, Moor S, et al. Reirradiation for head and neck cancer: delicate balance between effectiveness and toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81:e111–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lee N, Chan K, Bekelman JE, Zhung J, Mechalakos J, Narayana A, Wolden S, Venkatraman ES, Pfister D, Kraus D, Shah J, Zelefsky MJ. Salvage reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(3):731–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Strege RJ, Kovacs G, Maune S, Holland D, Niehoff P, Eichmann T, Mehdorn HM. Feasibility of combined operation and perioperative intensity—modulated brachytherapy of advanced/recurrent malignancies involving the skull base. Strahlenther Onkol. 2005;181:97–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tortochaux J, Tao Y, Tournay E, Lapeyre M, Lesaunier F, Bardet E, Janot F, Lusinchi A, Benhemou E, Bontemps P, Maignon P, Calais G, Daly-Schveitzer N, Verrelle P, Bourhis J. Randomized phase III trial (GORTEC 98-03) comparing re-irradiation plus chemotherapy versus methotrexate in patients with recurrent or a second primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, treated with a palliative intent. Radiother Oncol. 2011;100:70–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zenda S, Kohno R, Kawashima M, Arahira S, Nishio T, Tahara M, Hayashi R, Kishimoto S, Ogino T. Proton beam therapy for unresectable malignancies of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81(5):1473–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Glatzel M, Büntzel J, Schröder D, Küttner K, Fröhlich D. High-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent and residual head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(8 Pt 1):1366–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fontanesi J, Hetzler D, Ross J. Effect of dose rate on local control and complications in the re-irradiation of head -and-neck tumors with interstitial iridium-192. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;17:365–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen AM, Daly ME, El-Sayed I, Garcia J, Lee NY, Bucci MK, Kaplan MK. Patterns of failure after combined modality approaches incorporating radiotherapy for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70:338–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Karakullukcu B, van Oudenaarde K, Copper MP, Klop WM, van Veen R, Wildeman M, Bing TI. Photodynamic therapy of early stage oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms: an outcome analysis of 170 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268(2):281–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Karakullukcu B, Nyst HJ, van Veen RL, Hoebers FJ, Hamming-Vrieze O, Witjes MJ, de Visscher SA, Burlage FR, Levendag PC, Sterenborg HJ, Tan IB. mTHPC mediated interstitial photodynamic therapy of recurrent nonmetastatic base of tongue cancers: development of a new method. Head Neck. 2012;34(11):1597–606.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, Netherlands

    M. Barış Karakullukcu MD, PhD

Authors
  1. M. Barış Karakullukcu MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Barış Karakullukcu MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, The Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

    Brian J.-F. Wong

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Head and Neck Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany

    Justus Ilgner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Karakullukcu, M.B. (2016). Photodynamic Therapy of Malignancies of the Nasopharynx, the Nasal Cavity, and the Paranasal Sinuses. In: Wong, BF., Ilgner, J. (eds) Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1758-7_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1758-7_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1757-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1758-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation