Abstract
Rotterdam is located on the west coast of continental Europe (51°55′51″ N, 4°8′45″ E). It is the second largest city in The Netherlands and occupies almost 320 km2, of which a little less than 115 km2 is water. Rotterdam has a maritime temperate climate with a mild winter, a mean annual precipitation of 815 mm and a mean annual temperature of 10 °C. The average wind speed is 5 m/s. The dominant soil types are sand, sea clay and peat. This chapter is based on records of invertebrates that occurred within the boundaries of Rotterdam from 1 January 1980 until now. The chapter describes the Decapoda (in particular, the crayfish and crab families), 23 species; Diptera, Stratiomyidae (soldierflies), 17 species; Diptera, Syrphidae (hoverflies), 120 species; Heteroptera ‘aquatica’ (bugs—aquatic families), 31 species; Hymenoptera, Apidae s.l. (bees), 94 species; Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), 35 and 1034 species, respectively; Mollusca (terrestrial and non-marine aquatic molluscs), 68 and 49 species; Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), a total of 36 taxa; Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), a total of 24 taxa. The figures include migrants, non-native species and vagrants. The species-richness of these groups of invertebrates is discussed and related to factors such as geomorphological features, geographical position and land use.
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Appendices
APPENDIX I
Number of species of the Syrphidae (hoverflies) recorded in Rotterdam since 1980
Scientific name | Status in Red List of the Netherlands | Scientific name | Status in Red List of the Netherlands |
|---|---|---|---|
Anasimyia contracta | Near threatened | Lejogaster tarsata | Least concern |
Anasimyia interpuncta | Least concern | Leucozona lucorum | Least concern |
Anasimyia lineata | Least concern | Melangyna cincta | Least concern |
Anasimyia transfuga | Least concern | Melangyna lasiophthalma | Least concern |
Baccha elongata | Least concern | Melangyna umbellatarum | Least concern |
Brachyopa pilosa | Least concern | Melanogaster hirtella | Least concern |
Brachyopa scutellaris | Least concern | Melanostoma mellinum | Least concern |
Ceriana conopsoides | Least concern | Melanostoma scalare | Least concern |
Chalcosyrphus nemorum | Least concern | Meligramma guttata | Least concern |
Cheilosia albipila | Least concern | Meligramma triangulifera | Least concern |
Cheilosia albitarsis/ranunculi | Least concern | Meliscaeva auricollis | Least concern |
Cheilosia bergenstammi | Least concern | Meliscaeva cinctella | Least concern |
Cheilosia caerulescens | Least concern | Merodon equestris | Least concern |
Cheilosia fraterna | Least concern | Microdon analis | Least concern |
Cheilosia grossa | Least concern | Myathropa florea | Least concern |
Cheilosia illustrata | Least concern | Neoascia interrupta | Least concern |
Cheilosia impressa | Least concern | Neoascia meticulosa | Least concern |
Cheilosia latifrons | Least concern | Neoascia obliqua | Least concern |
Cheilosia mutabilis | Least concern | Neoascia podagrica | Least concern |
Cheilosia pagana | Least concern | Neoascia tenur | Least concern |
Cheilosia variabilis | Least concern | Paragus haemorrhous | Least concern |
Cheilosia velutina | Least concern | Parasyrphus punctulatus | Least concern |
Cheilosia vernalis | Least concern | Parhelophilus frutetorum | Least concern |
Chrysogaster solstitialis | Least concern | Parhelophilus versicolor | Least concern |
Chrysotoxum festivum | Least concern | Pipiza bimaculata | Least concern |
Criorhina berberina | Least concern | Pipiza luteitarsis | Vulnerable |
Dasysyrphus albostriatus | Least concern | Pipiza noctiluca | Least concern |
Dasysyrphus pinastri | Vulnerable | Pipizella viduata | Least concern |
Dasysyrphus tricinctus | Least concern | Platycheirus albimanus | Least concern |
Dasysyrphus venustus | Least concern | Platycheirus angustatus | Least concern |
Didea fasciata | Least concern | Platycheirus clypeatus | Least concern |
Epistrophe eligans | Least concern | Platycheirus fulviventris | Least concern |
Epistrophe grossulariae | Least concern | Platycheirus manicatus | Least concern |
Epistrophe melanostoma | Least concern | Platycheirus peltatus | Least concern |
Epistrophe nitidicollis | Least concern | Platycheirus scambus | Least concern |
Episyrphus balteatus | Least concern | Platycheirus scutatus/splendidus/aurolateralis | Least concern |
Eristalinus aeneus | Least concern | Platycheirus splendidus | Least concern |
Eristalinus sepulchralis | Least concern | Pocota personata | Endangered |
Eristalis abusiva | Least concern | Pyrophaena granditarsa | Least concern |
Eristalis arbustorum | Least concern | Pyrophaena rosarum | Least concern |
Eristalis horticola | Least concern | Rhingia campestris | Least concern |
Eristalis intricaria | Least concern | Scaeva dignota | Least concern |
Eristalis nemorum | Least concern | Scaeva pyrastri | Least concern |
Eristalis pertinax | Least concern | Scaeva selenitica | Least concern |
Eristalis similis | Least concern | Sphaerophoria rueppelli | Least concern |
Eristalis tenax | Least concern | Sphaerophoria scripta | Least concern |
Eumerus funeralis | Least concern | Syritta pipiens | Least concern |
Eumerus sogdianus | Vulnerable | Syrphus ribesii | Least concern |
Eumerus strigatus | Least concern | Syrphus torvus | Least concern |
Eupeodes corollae | Least concern | Syrphus vitripennis | Least concern |
Eupeodes latifasciatus | Least concern | Temnostoma bombylans | Least concern |
Eupeodes luniger | Least concern | Temnostoma vespiforme | Least concern |
Ferdinandea cuprea | Least concern | Tropidia scita | Least concern |
Helophilus hybridus | Least concern | Volucella bombylans | Least concern |
Helophilus pendulus | Least concern | Volucella pellucens | Least concern |
Helophilus trivittatus | Least concern | Volucella zonaria | Least concern |
Heringia brevidens | Least concern | Xanthandrus comtus | Least concern |
Heringia heringi | Least concern | Xanthogramma pedissequum | Least concern |
Heringia vitripennis | Least concern | Xylota segnis | Least concern |
Lejogaster metallina | Least concern | Xylota sylvarum | Least concern |
Grand Total = 120 | |||
APPENDIX II
Number of species of Apidae s.l. (bees) recorded in Rotterdam since 1980
Scientific name | Status in Red List of the Netherlands | Scientific name | Status in Red List of the Netherlands |
|---|---|---|---|
Andrena barbilabris | Least concern | Hylaeus gibbus | Least concern |
Andrena bicolor | Least concern | Hylaeus hyalinatus | Least concern |
Andrena carantonica | Least concern | Hylaeus signatus | Least concern |
Andrena chrysopyga | Least concern | Lasioglossum brevicorne | Vulnerable |
Andrena chrysosceles | Least concern | Lasioglossum calceatum | Least concern |
Andrena flavipes | Least concern | Lasioglossum leucopus | Least concern |
Andrena florea | Least concern | Lasioglossum leucozonium | Least concern |
Andrena fulva | Least concern | Lasioglossum lucidulum | Least concern |
Andrena haemorrhoa | Least concern | Lasioglossum minutissimum | Least concern |
Andrena minutula | Least concern | Lasioglossum morio | Least concern |
Andrena nigroaenea | Least concern | Lasioglossum nitidulum | Least concern |
Andrena nitida | Least concern | Lasioglossum quadrinotatulum | Least concern |
Andrena niveata | Critically endangered | Lasioglossum semilucens | Least concern |
Andrena pilipes | Endangered | Lasioglossum sexnotatum | Vulnerable |
Andrena praecox | Least concern | Lasioglossum sexstrigatum | Least concern |
Andrena proxima | Least concern | Lasioglossum villosulum | Least concern |
Andrena subopaca | Least concern | Lasioglossum zonulum | Least concern |
Andrena tibialis | Vulnerable | Macropis europaea | Least concern |
Andrena varians | Vulnerable | Megachile centuncularis | Vulnerable |
Andrena ventralis | Least concern | Megachile ericetorum | Vulnerable |
Anthidium manicatum | Least concern | Megachile versicolor | Least concern |
Anthophora plumipes | Least concern | Megachile willughbiella | Least concern |
Apis mellifera | Least concern | Melecta albifrons | Vulnerable |
Bombus campestris | Least concern | Melitta leporine | Endangered |
Bombus hortorum | Least concern | Melitta nigricans | Least concern |
Bombus hypnorum | Least concern | Nomada fabriciana | Least concern |
Bombus lapidarius | Least concern | Nomada ferruginata | Vulnerable |
Bombus lucorum | Least concern | Nomada flava | Least concern |
Bombus pascuorum | Least concern | Nomada flavoguttata | Least concern |
Bombus pratorum | Least concern | Nomada flavopicta | Vulnerable |
Bombus sylvestris | Least concern | Nomada fucata | Least concern |
Bombus terrestris | Least concern | Nomada goodeniana | Vulnerable |
Bombus vestalis | Least concern | Nomada marshamella | Least concern |
Chelostoma rapunculi | Least concern | Nomada panzeri | Least concern |
Colletes cunicularius | Least concern | Nomada ruficornis | Least concern |
Colletes daviesanus | Least concern | Nomada signata | Least concern |
Colletes fodiens | Least concern | Nomada succincta | Least concern |
Colletes halophilus | Least concern | Osmia bicornis | Least concern |
Colletes marginatus | Least concern | Sphecodes albilabris | Least concern |
Dasypoda hirtipes | Least concern | Sphecodes crassus | Least concern |
Epeolus variegatus | Least concern | Sphecodes geoffrellus | Least concern |
Halictus confusus | Least concern | Sphecodes longulus | Least concern |
Halictus rubicundus | Least concern | Sphecodes marginatus | Least concern |
Halictus tumulorum | Least concern | Sphecodes miniatus | Least concern |
Hylaeus brevicornis | Least concern | Sphecodes monilicornis | Least concern |
Hylaeus communis | Least concern | Sphecodes pellucidus | Least concern |
Hylaeus confusus | Least concern | Sphecodes reticulatus | Least concern |
Grand Total = 94 | |||
APPENDIX III
Number of species in the families of the Lepidoptera that have been recorded in the Netherlands and Rotterdam (migrants, vagrants, naturalized, extinct and alien species included) since 1980
Family | Diversity Rotterdam | National diversity | |
|---|---|---|---|
Moths | Micropterigidae | 2 | 7 |
Eriocraniidae | 1 | 7 | |
Hepialidae | 3 | 5 | |
Nepticulidae | 51 | 84 | |
Heliozelidae | 3 | 5 | |
Adelidae | 8 | 19 | |
Prodoxidae | 1 | 6 | |
Incurvariidae | 1 | 7 | |
Tischeriidae | 3 | 6 | |
Tineidae | 12 | 38 | |
Psychidae | 6 | 24 | |
Bucculatricidae | 10 | 13 | |
Gracillariidae | 63 | 94 | |
Yponomeutidae | 10 | 19 | |
Argyresthidae | 8 | 28 | |
Praydidae | 2 | 4 | |
Ypsolophidae | 7 | 14 | |
Plutellidae | 3 | 3 | |
Glyphipterigidaea | 4 | 11 | |
Bedelliidae | 1 | 1 | |
Lyonetiidae | 3 | 8 | |
Ethmiidae | 2 | 4 | |
Depressariidae | 7 | 44 | |
Elachistidae | 7 | 42 | |
Agonoxenidae | 2 | 7 | |
Chimabachidae | 1 | 3 | |
Oecophoridae | 11 | 28 | |
Peleopodidae | 1 | 1 | |
Stathmopodidae | 1 | 1 | |
Batrachedridae | 1 | 2 | |
Coleophoridae | 33 | 102 | |
Momphidae | 7 | 15 | |
Blastobasidae | 2 | 5 | |
Autostichidae | 1 | 2 | |
Lypusidae | 1 | 6 | |
Cosmopterigidae | 2 | 9 | |
Gelechiidae | 48 | 149 | |
Limacodidae | 1 | 2 | |
Zygaenidae | 2 | 5 | |
Sesiidae | 5 | 13 | |
Cossidae | 2 | 3 | |
Choreutidae | 1 | 4 | |
Tortricidae | 149 | 365 | |
Epermeniidae | 3 | 5 | |
Alucitidae | 1 | 2 | |
Pterophoridae | 13 | 36 | |
Pyralidae | 38 | 72 | |
Crambidae | 56 | 108 | |
Lasiocampidae | 6 | 16 | |
Sphingidae | 11 | 18 | |
Drepanidae | 10 | 16 | |
Geometridae | 161 | 298 | |
Notodontidae | 15 | 32 | |
Erebidae | 36 | 83 | |
Nolidae | 7 | 14 | |
Noctuidae | 188 | 350 | |
Subtotal 56 | 1034 | 2270 | |
Butterflies | |||
Hesperiidae | 3 | 14 | |
Papilionidae | 1 | 3 | |
Pieridae | 8 | 14 | |
Lycaenidae | 5 | 27 | |
Nymphalidae | 18 | 48 | |
Subtotal | 35 | 106 | |
Grand total 61 | 1069 | 2376 | |
APPENDIX IV
List of terrestrial and aquatic non-marine bivalve and gastropod molluscs that have been recorded in Rotterdam since 1980
Scientific name | English name | Status in Red List of the Netherlands | |
|---|---|---|---|
Aquatic | |||
Acroloxus lacustris | Lake Limpet | Least concern | |
Ancylus fluviatilis | River Limpet | Least concern | |
Anisus vortex | Whirlpool Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Anodonta anatina | Duck Mussel | Least concern | |
Anodonta cygnea | Swan Mussel | Least concern | |
Assiminea grayana a | Dun Sentinel | Least concern | |
Bathyomphalus contortus | Twisted Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Bithynia leachii | Leach’s Bithynia | Least concern | |
Bithynia tentaculata | Faucet Snail | Least concern | |
Cerastoderma lamarcki ( = glaucum) | Lagoon Cockle | Least concern | |
Corbicula fluminalis | Asiatic Clam | Least concern | |
Corbicula fluminea | Asiatic Clam | Least concern | |
Dreissena polymorpha | Zebra Mussel | Least concern | |
Ferrissia fragilis | Fragile Ancylid | Least concern | |
Galba truncatula | Dwarf Pond Snail | Least concern | |
Gyraulus albus | White Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Gyraulus crista | Nautilus Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Gyraulus laevis | Smooth Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Hippeutis complanatus | Flat Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Lymnaea stagnalis | Great Pond Snail | Least concern | |
Mercuria confusa ( = anatina) | Swollen Spire Snail | Critically endangered | |
Musculium lacustre | Lake Orb Mussel | Least concern | |
Mytilopsis leucophaeata | Dark False Mussel | Least concern | |
Omphiscola glabra | Mus Snail | Vulnerable | |
Ovatella myosotis a | Mouse Ear Snail | Vulnerable | |
Peringia ulvae | Laver Spire Shell | ||
Physa fontinalis | Common Bladder Snail | Least concern | |
Physella acuta | Acute Bladder Snail | Least concern | |
Pisidium spp. | Pea Clams | Least concern | |
Planorbarius corneus | Great Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Planorbis carinatus | Keeled Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Planorbis planorbis | Common Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Potamopyrgus antipodarum | New Zealand Mudsnail | Least concern | |
Pseudanodonta complanata | Depressed River Mussel | Endangered | |
Radix auricularia | Big-ear Radix | Least concern | |
Radix balthica ( = ovata) | Wandering Pond Snail | Least concern | |
Radix peregra ( = labiata) | Common Pond Snail | Least concern | |
Segmentina nitida | Shining Ramshorn | Least concern | |
Sphaerium corneum | Horny Orb Mussel | Least concern | |
Sphaerium rivicola | River Orb Mussel | Vulnerable | |
Sphaerium solidum | Solid Orb Mussel | Vulnerable | |
Stagnicola palustris | Marsh Snail | Least concern | |
Theodoxus fluviatilis | Common River Nerite | Least concern | |
Unio pictorum | Painter’s Mussel | Least concern | |
Valvata cristata | Crested Valve Shell | Least concern | |
Valvata piscinalis | European Stream Valvata | Least concern | |
Ventrosia ( = Ecrobia) ventrosa | Spire Snail | Vulnerable | |
Viviparus contectus | Lister’s River Snail | Least concern | |
Viviparus viviparous | River Snail | Least concern | |
Total 49 | |||
Terrestrial | Acanthinula aculeata | Prickly Snail | Least concern |
Aegopinella nitidula | Waxy Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Alinda biplicata | Two-lipped Door Snail | Least concern | |
Arianta arbustorum | Copse Snail | Least concern | |
Arion circumscriptus | Brown-banded Arion | Least concern | |
Arion distinctus | Dark-face Arion | Least concern | |
Arion hortensis | Black Field Slug | Least concern | |
Arion intermedius | Hedgehog Slug | Least concern | |
Arion rufus/lusitanicus | Red Slug—group | Least concern | |
Balea heydeni | Least concern | ||
Balea perversa | Wall Snail | Endangered | |
Boettgerilla pallens | Worm Slug | Least concern | |
Candidula gigaxii | Eccentric Snail | Endangered | |
Candidula intersecta | Wrinkled Snail | Least concern | |
Carychium minimum | Short-toothed Herald Snail | Least concern | |
Carychium tridentatum | Slender Herald Snail | Least concern | |
Cecilioides acicula | Blind Snail | Least concern | |
Cepaea nemoralis | Grove Snail | Least concern | |
Cernuella aginnica | French Dune Snail | Least concern | |
Cernuella cisalpina | Least concern | ||
Cernuella neglecta | Neglected Dune Snail | Least concern | |
Cernuella virgata | Maritime Gardensnail | Least concern | |
Cochlicella acuta | Pointed Snail | Least concern | |
Cochlicopa lubrica | Glossy Pillar Snail | Least concern | |
Cochlicopa lubricella | Thin Pillar | Least concern | |
Cochlicopa repentina | Least concern | ||
Columella edentula | Toothless Column Snail | Vulnerable | |
Marsh Slug | Least concern | ||
Deroceras panormitanum | Longneck Field Slug | Least concern | |
Deroceras reticulatum | Grey Field Slug | Least concern | |
Discus rotundatus | Rotund Disc | Least concern | |
Euconulus alderi | Shiny Hive Snail | Least concern | |
Euconulus fulvus | Brown Hive Snail | Least concern | |
Helicodiscus singleyanus ( = Lucilla scintilla) | Smooth Coil | Least concern | |
Helix ( = Cornu) aspersum | Garden Snail | Least concern | |
Helix pomatia | Roman Snail | Vulnerable | |
Hygromia cinctella | Girdled Snail | Least concern | |
Lauria cylindracea | Common Chrysalis Snail | Vulnerable | |
Limacus flavus | Yellow Slug | Vulnerable | |
Limax maximus | Great Grey Slug | Least concern | |
Milax gagates | Greenhouse Slug | Least concern | |
Monacha cantiana | Kentish Snail | Least concern | |
Monacha cartusiana | Carthusian Snail | Endangered | |
Nesovitrea hammonis | Rayed Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Oxychilus alliarius | Garlic Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Oxychilus cellarius | Cellar Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Oxychilus draparnaudi | Draparnaud’s Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Oxyloma elegans | Slender Amber Snail | Least concern | |
Paralaoma servilis | Pinhead Spot | Least concern | |
Pseudotrichia rubiginosa | German Hairy Snail | Endangered | |
Punctum pygmaeum | Dwarf Snail | Least concern | |
Pupilla muscorum | Moss Chrysalis Snail | Least concern | |
Succinea putris | Common Amber Snail | Least concern | |
Succinella oblonga | Small Amber Snail | Least concern | |
Tandonia sowerbyi | Sowerby’s Slug | Least concern | |
Trochulus hispidus | Hairy Snail | Least concern | |
Vallonia costata | Ribbed Grass Snail | Least concern | |
Vallonia excentrica | Eccentric Grass Snail | Least concern | |
Vallonia pulchella | Smooth Grass Snail | Least concern | |
Vertigo angustior | Narrow-mouthed Whorl Snail | Endangered | |
Vertigo antivertigo | Marsh Whorl Snail | Vulnerable | |
Vertigo pusilla | Wall Whorl Snail | Least concern | |
Vertigo pygmaea | Common Whorl Snail | Vulnerable | |
Vitrea contracta | Milky Crystal Snail | Least concern | |
Common Crystal Snail | Least concern | ||
Vitrina pellucida | Pellucid Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Zonitoides excavatus | Hollowed Glass Snail | Critically endangered | |
Zonitoides nitidus | Shiny Glass Snail | Least concern | |
Total 68 | |||
Grand total 117 |
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Moerland, W., de Baerdemaeker, A., Boesveld, A., Grutters, M., van de Poel, J. (2015). Rotterdam. In: Kelcey, J. (eds) Vertebrates and Invertebrates of European Cities:Selected Non-Avian Fauna. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1698-6_12
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