Prague

Abstract

Prague, which is the capital of the Czech Republic, occupies 496 km2 and has a population of 1.2 million people. This chapter describes six of the major invertebrate groups that occur in the city: Arachnida (spiders and related species)—504 species or 58 % of the national species; Coleoptera—Carabidae (ground beetles)—362 species found between 1790 and 2013 or 70 % of the national list of ground beetles; Lepidoptera (diurnal butterflies)—119 species or c. 74 % of the 161 species recorded in the country; Mollusca (molluscs)—146 species or 65 % of the national species; Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) 41 species or > 50 % of the national species; and Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets)—44 species or 53 % of the national species.

Prague is one of the European cities where mollusc fauna has been studied in detail. Altogether, 146 species of gastropods and bivalves were recorded here, which is 60 % of the Czech Republic’s mollusc fauna. This surprisingly high species diversity reflects the geological and geomorphological diversity of the city that is crucial for molluscs. The gradient from eusynanthropic species over common assemblages of catholic species to the scattered network of nature reserves inhabited by rare and protected species is described. The highest concentration of non-native mollusc species in the Czech Republic was recorded only in Prague.

Appendices

APPENDIX I

Alien, extinct, endangered and other red-listed spider species (Araneae) of Prague, listed in alphabetical order, and their preferred habitats. CE–critically endangered species, EN–endangered species, after Kůrka et al. 2014

Species	Status	National Red List	Preferred habitat
Acartauchenius scurrilis			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Agyneta subtilis			Bogs
Achaearanea tepidariorum	Alien		Greenhouses
Alopecosa aculeata			Sand grasslands
Alopecosa cursor		CE	Grasslands on rocks
Alopecosa fabrilis	Extinct		Heathland and grassland
Alopecosa inquilina			Tall Quercus (Oak) forests
Alopecosa schmidti		EN	Sand grasslands
Alopecosa sulzeri			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Alopecosa trabalis			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Amaurobius ferox			Surroundings of buildings
Amaurobius jugorum			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Anguliphantes angulipalpis			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Antistea elegans			Sedge and reed beds
Anyphaena accentuata			Tall Quercus forests
Araneus alsine			Forest fringes
Araneus angulatus	Extinct		Open woodland
Araneus marmoreus			Meadows
Araneus sturmi	Extinct		Heathland and grassland
Araniella displicata			Forest fringes
Arctosa cinerea	Extinct		Gravel and sand banks
Arctosa figurata			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Arctosa leopardus			Muddy and gravel banks
Arctosa lutetiana			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Arctosa maculata	Extinct		Gravel and sand banks
Argyroneta aquatica			Mesophilic still waters
Archaeodictyna consecuta		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Atypus affinis			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Atypus muralis		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Atypus piceus			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Bathyphantes similis			Muddy and gravel banks
Bromella falcigera		EN	Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Callilepis schuszteri			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Carrhotus xanthogramma	Extinct		Open woodland
Centromerus capucinus		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Centromerus incilium			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Centromerus serratus			Tall Quercus forests
Ceratinella brevipes			Meadows
Cheiracanthium campestre			Sand grasslands
Cheiracanthium milde	Alien		Exteriors of buildings
Clubiona brevipes			Tall Quercus forests
Clubiona genevensis		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Cryphoeca silvicola			Ravine forests
Cybaeus angustiarum			Ravine forests
Dictyna civica	Alien		Exteriors of buildings
Dictyna latens	Extinct		Heathland and grassland
Diplocephalus permixtus			Bogs
Dipoena coracina		EN	Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Dismodicus elevatus			Carex and Phragmites beds
Dolomedes fimbriatus	Extinct		Wetland
Donacochara speciosa			Carex and Phragmites beds
Drassyllus pumilus		EN	Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Drassyllus villicus			Boulder scree
Drepanotylus uncatus			Carex and Phragmites beds
Dysdera crocata	Alien		Surroundings of buildings
Dysdera erythrina			Orchards and parks
Dysdera hungarica			Orchards and parks
Echemus angustifrons			Boulder and scree
Episinus truncatus			Heaths
Eresus kollari		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Erigonoplus jarmilae			Cliffs
Ero tuberculata		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Euryopis quinqueguttata		EN	Grasslands on rocks
Floronia bucculenta			Wet Alnus woods
Gibbaranea gibbosa			Forest fringes
Gnaphosa bicolor			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Gnaphosa inconspecta		CE	Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Gnaphosa lucifuga			Grasslands on rocks
Gnaphosa opaca			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Gonatium hilare		EN	Forest fringes
Gongylidiellum vivum			Meadows
Gongylidium rufipes			Wet Alnus woods
Hahnia ononidum			Tall Quercus forests
Haplodrassus kulczynskii			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Hasarius adansoni	Alien		Greenhouses
Heliophanus aeneus			Cliffs
Heliophanus lineiventris		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Heriaeus oblongus	Extinct		Heathland and grassland
Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum			Forest fringes
Hilaira excisa			Meadows
Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata		EN	Bogs
Hylyphantes graminicola			Wet Alnus woods
Hypsocephalus pusillus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Improphantes geniculatus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Improphantes nitidus			Tall Quercus forests
Ipa keyserlingi			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Ozyptila blackwalli		EN	Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Larinioides patagiatus			Meadows
Larinioides sclopetarius			Exteriors of buildings
Larinioides suspicax			Meadows
Lepthyphantes leprosus			Surroundings of buildings
Lessertia dentichelis	Alien		Cellars and sewerage
Liocranum rupicola			Surroundings of buildings
Lophomma punctatum			Carex and Phragmites beds
Macrargus carpenteri			Heaths
Malthonica ferruginea			Exteriors of buildings
Malthonica silvestris			Cliffs
Maro minutus			Bogs
Marpissa muscosa	Extinct		Open woodland
Mecopisthes silus			Tall Quercus forests
Megalepthyphantes collinus			Boulder and scree
Megalepthyphantes nebulosus			Surroundings of buildings
Meioneta equestris			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Meioneta fuscipalpa		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Mermessus trilobatus	Invasive
Metellina merianae			Cellars and sewerage
Micaria albovittata		CE	Sand grasslands
Micaria dives			Quarries
Micaria formicaria			Grasslands on rocks
Microlinyphia impigra			Carex and Phragmites beds
Myrmarachne formicaria	Extinct		Wetland
Neon rayi		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Nesticoides rufipes	Alien		Greenhouses
Nesticus cellulanus			Cellars and sewerage
Nigma walckenaeri			Exteriors of buildings
Oedothorax fuscus	Extinct		Inundation meadows
Ostearius melanopygius	Invasive
Oxyopes ramosus			Forest fringes
Paidiscura pallens			Forest fringes
Panamomops affinis			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Panamomops fagei			Tall Quercus forests
Panamomops inconspicuus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Panamomops mengei			Tall Quercus forests
Pardosa bifasciata			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Pardosa hortensis			Forest fringes
Pardosa monticola	Extinct		Heathland and grassland
Pardosa morosa	Extinct		Gravel and sand banks
Pardosa nigriceps			Heaths
Pardosa paludicola			Muddy and gravel banks
Pardosa saltans			Tall Quercus forests
Pardosa wagleri	Extinct		Gravel and sand banks
Pellenes nigrociliatus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Pellenes tripunctatus			Grasslands on rocks
Peponocranium orbiculatum		EN	Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Philaeus chrysops			Boulder and scree
Philodromus buchari			Forest fringes
Philodromus emarginatus	Extinct		Open woodland
Philodromus margaritatus	Extinct		Open woodland
Philodromus praedatus			Forest fringes
Pholcomma gibbum			Ravine forests
Pholcus phalangioides	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Phrurolithus minimus		EN	Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Pirata piraticus			Mesophilic still waters
Pirata piscatorius			Mesophilic still waters
Pirata tenuitarsis			Mesophilic still waters
Pirata uliginosus			Bogs
Pistius truncatus			Forest fringes
Pseudicius encarpatus			Tall Quercus forests
Psilochorus simoni	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Rugathodes instabilis			Carex and Phragmites beds
Saaristoa abnormis		EN	Bogs
Salticus scenicus			Exteriors of buildings
Scotina palliardi			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Scotophaeus quadripunctatus			Surroundings of buildings
Scotophaeus scutulatus			Surroundings of buildings
Scytodes thoracica	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Segestria bavarica			Cliffs
Simitidion simile			Heaths
Singa nitidula			Carex and Phragmites beds
Sitticus distinguendus			Quarries
Sitticus floricola			Carex and Phragmites beds
Sitticus penicillatus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Sosticus loricatus			Surroundings of buildings
Steatoda bipunctata
Steatoda castanea	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Steatoda grossa	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Steatoda triangulosa	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Styloctetor romanus		EN	Grasslands on rocks
Syedra gracilis			Wet Alnus woods
Synageles hilarulus		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Synema globosum			Forest fringes
Talavera milleri		EN	Grasslands on rocks
Tapinesthis inermis	Alien		Heated interiors of houses
Tegenaria agrestis			Cliffs
Tegenaria atrica			Cellars and sewerage
Tegenaria domestica			Heated interiors of houses
Tetragnatha dearmata			Wet Alnus woods
Tetragnatha nigrita			Carex and Phragmites beds
Textrix denticulata			Boulder and scree
Thanatus arenarius			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Thanatus atratus			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Thanatus formicinus			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Thanatus striatus			Carex and Phragmites beds
Theridion betteni			Cliffs
Theridion hemerobium			Carex and Phragmites beds
Theridion melanurum			Exteriors of buildings
Theridion pictum			Carex and Phragmites beds
Theridiosoma gemmosum		EN	Carex and Phragmites beds
Thomisus onustus			Dry grasslands with Brachypodium pinnatum
Titanoeca quadriguttata			Grasslands on rocks
Tmarus piger			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Trichoncus auritus			Rocky dwarf Quercus forests
Trochosa spinipalpis			Carex and Phragmites beds
Uloborus plumipes	Alien		Greenhouses
Walckenaeria monoceros		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Walckenaeria nudipalpis			Meadows
Walckenaeria unicornis			Meadows
Xysticus ferrugineus		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Xysticus lanio			Tall Quercus forests
Xysticus luctator			Forest fringes
Xysticus ninnii		EN	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Xysticus sabulosus			Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Zelotes aeneus			Railways
Zelotes puritanus		EN	Cliffs
Zelotes segrex		CE	Dry grasslands with Festuca valesiaca
Zodarion italicum	Alien		Quarries
Zodarion rubidum	Alien		Railways
Zygiella atrica			Exteriors of buildings
Total 200

1. Key: CR Critically endangered, EN  Endangere

APPENDIX II

An overview of all species of Coleoptera (Carabidae) recorded in Prague.

Taxon	1790–1950	1951–1989	1990–1999	2000–2013
Abax c. carinatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Abax ovalis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Abax parallelepipedus (Piller et Mitterpacher 1783)	1	1	1	1
Abax parallelus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Acupalpus dubius (Schilsky 1888)	§	1	1	1
Acupalpus exiguus (Dejean 1829)	1	§	1	1
Acupalpus flavicollis (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Acupalpus interstitialis (Reitter 1884)	1	+	+	+
Acupalpus luteatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	§	1
Acupalpus meridianus (Linnaeus 1761)	1	1	1	1
Acupalpus parvulus (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Agonum afrum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Agonum dolens (C. R. Sahlberg 1827)	1	+	+	+
Agonum duftschmidi (Schmidt 1994)	§	§	§	1
Agonum gracilipes (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Agonum lugens (Duftschmid 1812)	1			1
Agonum marginatum (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Agonum muelleri (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Agonum sexpunctatum (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Agonum v. viridicupreum (Goeze 1777)	1	+	+	+
Agonum versutum (Sturm 1824)	1	1	1	1
Agonum viduum (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Amara aenea (De Geer 1774)	1	1	1	1
Amara anthobia A. Villa et G. B. (Villa 1833)	1	1	1	1
Amara apricaria (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Amara aulica (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Amara bifrons (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Amara brunnea (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Amara communis (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Amara consularis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara convexior (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Amara convexiuscula (Marsham 1802)	1	1	1	1
Amara crenata (Dejean 1828)	1	1	§	1
Amara cursitans (Zimmermann 1831)	1	1	1	1
Amara curta (Dejean 1828)	§	1	1	1
Amara e. equestris (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara eurynota (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Amara famelica (Zimmermann 1831)	1	1	§	§
Amara familiaris (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara fulva (O. F. Müller 1776)	§	1	1	1
Amara chaudoiri incognita (Fassati 1946)	1	+	+	+
Amara infima (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara ingenua (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara littorea (C. G. Thomson 1857)	1	1	1	1
Amara lucida (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	§	§
Amara lunicollis (Schiödte 1837)	1	1	1	1
Amara majuscula (Chaudoir 1850)	1	1	1	1
Amara makolskii (Roubal 1923)	1	1	1	1
Amara montivaga (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Amara municipalis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Amara nitida (Sturm 1825)	§	1	1	1
Amara ovata (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Amara plebeja (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Amara praetermissa (C. R. Sahlberg 1827)	1	§	§	1
Amara pulpani (Kult 1949)	1	1	§	1
Amara sabulosa (Audinet-Serville 1821)	1	1	1	1
Amara similata (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Amara spreta (Dejean 1831)	1	+	+	+
Amara tibialis (Paykull 1798)	1	1	1	1
Amara tricuspidata (Dejean 1831)	1	+	+	+
Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan 1763)	1	1	1	1
Anisodactylus binotatus (Fabricius 1787)	1	1	1	1
Anisodactylus nemorivagus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	§
Anisodactylus signatus (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Anthracus consputus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Asaphidion c. caraboides (Schrank 1781)	1	+	+	+
Asaphidion flavipes (Linnaeus 1761)	1	1	1	1
Asaphidion pallipes (Duftschmid 1812)	1	+	+	+
Badister bullatus (Schrank 1798)	1	1	1	1
Badister collaris (Motschulsky 1844)	1	1	1	1
Badister dilatatus (Chaudoir 1837)	§	1	1	1
Badister lacertosus (Sturm 1815)	1	1	1	1
Badister meridionalis (Puel 1925)	1	1	§	1
Badister peltatus (Panzer 1797)	§	1	1	1
Badister sodalis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Badister unipustulatus (Bonelli 1813)	§	1	+	+
Bembidion a. articulatum (Panzer 1796)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion argenteolum (Ahrens 1812)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion ascendens (K. Daniel 1902)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion assimile (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion atrocoeruleum (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	+
Bembidion azurescens (Dalla Torre 1877)	§	1	§	§
Bembidion b. bipunctatum (Linnaeus 1761)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion biguttatum (Fabricius 1779)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion bruxellense (Wesmael 1835)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion d. decorum (Zenker in Panzer 1801)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion deletum (Audinet-Serville 1821)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion dentellum (Thunberg 1787)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion doris (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion femoratum (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion foraminosum (Sturm 1825)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion fumigatum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion geniculatum (Heer 1837)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion gilvipes (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion guttula (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion humerale (Sturm 1825)	1	1	§	1
Bembidion illigeri (Netolitzky 1914)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion lampros (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion litorale (Olivier 1791)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion lunatum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion lunulatum (Fourcroy 1785)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion m. monticola(Sturm 1825)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion mannerheimi (C. R. Sahlberg 1827)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion milleri kulti (Fassati 1942)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion minimum (Fabricius 1792)	§	1	1	§
Bembidion modestum (Fabricius 1801)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion obliquum (Sturm 1825)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion obtusum (Audinet-Serville 1821)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion octomaculatum (Goeze 1777)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion p. punctulatum (Drapiez 1820)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion prasinum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion properans (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion pygmaeum (Fabricius 1792)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion q. quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus 1761)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion quadripustulatum (Audinet-Serville 1821)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion ruficolle (Panzer 1797)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion semipunctatum (Donovan 1806)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion stephensi (Crotch 1866)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion striatum (Fabricius 1792)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion t. tenellum (Erichson 1837)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion t. tetracolum (Say 1823)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion testaceum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion tibiale (Duftschmid 1812)	§	1	1	1
Bembidion varicolor (Fabricius 1803)	1	+	+	+
Bembidion varium (Olivier 1795)	1	1	1	1
Bembidion velox (Linnaeus 1761)	1	+	+	+
Blethisa m. multipunctata (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Bradycellus caucasicus (Chaudoir 1846)	1	1	1	1
Bradycellus csiki (Laczó 1912)		1	1	1
Bradycellus harpalinus (Audinet-Serville 1821)	1	1	1	1
Bradycellus ruficollis (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Bradycellus verbasci (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Brachinus crepitans (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Brachinus explodens (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Broscus c. cephalotes (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Calathus ambiguus (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Calathus cinctus (Motschulsky 1850)	1	1	1	1
Calathus e. erratus (C. R. Sahlberg 1827)	1	1	1	1
Calathus f. fuscipes (Goeze 1777)	1	1	1	1
Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Calathus micropterus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	§	1
Callistus lunatus (Fabricius 1775)	1	1	1	1
Calodromius spilotus (Illiger 1798)	1	1	1	1
Calosoma auropunctatum (Herbst 1784)	1	+	+	+
Calosoma i. inquisitor (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Calosoma sycophanta (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Carabus a. arvensis (Herbst 1784)	1	+	+	+
Carabus a. auronitens (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	§
Carabus c. cancellatus (Illiger 1798)	1	§	1	1
Carabus c. convexus (Fabricius 1775)	1	1	1	1
Carabus c. coriaceus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Carabus g. glabratus (Paykull 1790)	1	1	§	§
Carabus g. granulatus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Carabus h. hortensis (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Carabus i. intricatus (Linnaeus 1761)	1	1	1	1
Carabus n. nemoralis (O. F. Müller 1764)	1	1	1	1
Carabus nitens (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Carabus p. problematicus (Herbst 1786)	1	+	+	+
Carabus scheidleri helleri (Ganglbauer 1892)	§	1	§	1
Carabus u. ullrichi (Germar 1824)	1	§	1	1
Carabus v. violaceus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Cicindela c. campestris (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Cicindela germanica (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Cicindela h. hybrida (Linnaeus 1758)	1	§	§	1
Cicindela sylvicola (Dejean in Latreille et Dejean 1822)	1	§	1	1
Clivina collaris (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Clivina fossor (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Cryptophonus melancholicus (Dejean 1829)	1	+	+	+
Cryptophonus tenebrosus centralis (Schauberger 1929)	1	1	1	1
Cychrus c. caraboides (Linnaeus 1758)	1	§	1	1
Cymindis angularis (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Cymindis axillaris (Fabricius 1794)	1	1	1	1
Cymindis humeralis (Fourcroy 1785)	1	1	1	1
Cymindis scapularis (Schaum 1857)	1	+	+	+
Cymindis vaporariorum (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Cymindis variolosa (Fabricius 1794)	1	+	+	+
Demetrias atricapillus (Linnaeus 1758)				1
Demetrias imperialis (Germar 1824)	1	1	1	1
Demetrias monostigma (Samouelle 1819)	1	§	1	1
Diachromus germanus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Dicheirotrichus rufithorax (C. R. Sahlberg 1827)		1	1	1
Dolichus halensis (Schaller 1783)	1	1	1	1
Dromius agilis (Fabricius 1787)	1	1	1	1
Dromius fenestratus (Fabricius 1794)	1	1	1	1
Dromius kuntzei (Polentz 1939)	1	1	§	§
Dromius quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Dromius schneideri (Crotch 1871)	1	1	1	1
Drypta dentata (Rossi 1790)				1
Dyschirius a. aeneus (Dejean 1825)	1	1	1	1
Dyschirius agnatus (Motschulsky 1844)	1	+	+	+
Dyschirius angustatus (Ahrens 1830)	1	+	+	+
Dyschirius bonellii (Putzeys 1846)	1	1	+	+
Dyschirius globosus (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Dyschirius intermedius (Putzeys 1846)	1	§	1	1
Dyschirius n. nitidus (Dejean 1825)	1	+	+	+
Dyschirius p. politus (Dejean 1825)	1	1	1	§
Dyschirius tristis (Stephens 1827)	1	1	1	§
Elaphropus diabrachys (Kolenati 1845)		1	1	1
Elaphropus parvulus (Dejean 1831)	1	1	1	1
Elaphropus quadrisignatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Elaphrus a. aureus (P. W. J. Müller 1821)	1	+	+	+
Elaphrus cupreus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Elaphrus riparius (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Elaphrus uliginosus (Fabricius 1792)	1	+	+	+
Elaphrus ulrichi W. (Redtenbacher 1842)	1	+	+	+
Epaphius s. secalis (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Europhilus fuliginosus (Panzer 1809)	1	1	1	1
Europhilus gracilis (Sturm 1824)	1	1	1	1
Europhilus micans (Nicolai 1822)	1	1	1	1
Europhilus piceus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Europhilus t. thoreyi (Dejean 1828)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus affinis (Schrank 1781)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus anxius (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus atratus (Latreille 1804)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus autumnalis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	+	+	+
Harpalus caspius roubali (Schauberger 1928)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus d. distinguendus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus flavescens (Piller et Mitterpacher 1783)	1	+	+	+
Harpalus froelichi (Sturm 1818)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus fuscipalpis (Sturm 1818)	1	+	+	+
Harpalus hirtipes (Panzer 1797)	1	+	+	+
Harpalus honestus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus latus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus luteicornis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus modestus (Dejean 1829)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus picipennis (Duftschmid 1812)	§	§	§	1
Harpalus politus (Dejean 1829)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus progrediens (Schauberger 1922)	1	+	+	+
Harpalus pumilus (Sturm 1818)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus quadripunctatus (Dejean 1829)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus rubripes (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus rufipalpis (Sturm 1818)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus s. serripes (Quensel in Schönherr 1806)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus signaticornis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus smaragdinus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	§	1
Harpalus solitaris (Dejean 1829)	1	+	+	1
Harpalus subcylindricus (Dejean 1829)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus tardus (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Harpalus xanthopus winkleri (Schauberger 1923)	§	§	1	1
Harpalus zabroides (Dejean 1829)	1	+	+	+
Chlaenius nigricornis (Fabricius 1787)	1	1	§	1
Chlaenius nitidulus (Schrank 1781)	1	1	§	1
Chlaenius s. spoliatus (Rossi 1790)	§	§	1	1
Chlaenius sulcicollis (Paykull 1798)	1	+	+	+
Chlaenius tristis (Schaller 1783)	1	§	§	1
Chlaenius vestitus (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Laemostenus terricola (Herbst 1784)	1	§	1	1
Lasiotrechus d. discus (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Lebia cruxminor (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Lebia cyanocephala (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Lebia chlorocephala (Hoffmann Koch P. Müller et Linz 1803)	1	1	1	1
Leistus ferrugineus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Leistus montanus kultianus (Farkač et Fassati 1999)	1	§	1	§
Leistus terminatus (Hellwig in Panzer 1793)	1	1	1	1
Licinus cassideus (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	+	+
Licinus depressus (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Lionychus quadrillum (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Loricera p. pilicornis (Fabricius 1775)	1	1	1	1
Masoreus wetterhalli (Gyllenhal 1813)	1	1	1	1
Microlestes fissuralis (Reitter 1901)	1	1	1	1
Microlestes maurus (Sturm 1827)	1	1	1	1
Microlestes minutulus (Goeze 1777)	1	1	1	1
Molops elatus (Fabricius 1801)	1	1	1	1
Molops p. piceus (Panzer 1793)	1	1	1	§
Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Nebria livida (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Notiophilus aquaticus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius 1779)	1	1	1	1
Notiophilus germinyi (Fauvel in Grenier 1863)	1	1	1	1
Notiophilus palustris (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Notiophilus pusillus (G. R. Waterhouse 1833)	1	1	1	1
Notiophilus rufipes (Curtis 1829)	1	1	1	1
Ocys q. quinquestriatus (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Odacantha melanura (Linnaeus 1767)	1	1	1	1
Olisthopus rotundatus (Paykull 1790)	1	+	+	+
Olisthopus sturmii (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	§
Omophron limbatum (Fabricius 1776)	1	1	1	1
Oodes helopioides (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus azureus (Fabricius 1775)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus cordatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus diffinis (Dejean 1829)		1	1	1
Ophonus melleti (Heer 1837)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus nitidulus (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus puncticeps (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus puncticollis (Paykull 1798)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus rufibarbis (Fabricius 1792)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus rupicola (Sturm 1818)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus s. sabulicola (Panzer 1796)	1	§	1	§
Ophonus schaubergerianus (Puel 1937)	1	1	1	1
Ophonus stictus (Stephens 1828)	1	1	+	+
Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Panagaeus bipustulatus (Fabricius 1775)	1	1	1	1
Panagaeus cruxmajor (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Paradromius linearis (Olivier 1795)	1	1	1	1
Paradromius longiceps (Dejean 1826)	1	§	§	1
Paranchus albipes (Fabricius 1796)	1	1	1	1
Paratachys bistriatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Paratachys fulvicollis (Dejean 1831)	1	1	1	1
Paratachys micros (Fischer von Waldheim 1828)	1	§	1	1
Patrobus atrorufus (Stroem 1768)	1	1	1	1
Perigona nigriceps (Dejean 1831)	1	1	1	1
Perileptus areolatus (Creutzer 1799)	1	1	1	1
Philorhizus c. crucifer (Lucas 1846)	§	§	1	1
Philorhizus notatus (Stephens 1827)	§	1	1	1
Philorhizus sigma (Rossi 1790)	1	1	1	1
Platynus assimilis (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Platynus livens (Gyllenhal 1810)	§	1	1	1
Platynus longiventris (Mannerheim 1825)	§	§	§	1
Poecilus c. cupreus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	1	1	1
Poecilus kugelanni (Panzer 1797)	1	+	+	+
Poecilus l. lepidus (Leske 1787)	1	1	1	1
Poecilus punctulatus (Schaller 1783)	1	+	+	+
Poecilus sericeus (Fischer von Waldheim 1824)	1	+	+	+
Poecilus versicolor (Sturm 1824)	1	1	1	1
Polistichus connexus (Fourcroy 1785)	1	+	+	+
Porotachys bisulcatus (Nicolai 1822)	1	1	1	1
Pseudoophonus calceatus (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Pseudoophonus griseus (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer 1774)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus a. anthracinus (Illiger 1798)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus aethiops (Panzer 1797)	1	+	+	+
Pterostichus burmeisteri (Heer 1841)	1	1	1	§
Pterostichus diligens (Sturm 1824)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus g. gracilis (Dejean 1828)	1	+	+	+
Pterostichus chameleon (Motschulsky 1865)	1	§	§	1
Pterostichus leonisi (Apfelbeck 1904)			1	1
Pterostichus longicollis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus m. macer (Marsham 1802)	1	1	§	1
Pterostichus m. melanarius (Illiger 1798)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus m. melas (Creutzer 1799)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus m. minor (Gyllenhal 1827)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus n. niger (Schaller 1783)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus nigrita (Paykull 1790)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus o. oblongopunctatus (Fabricius 1787)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus ovoideus (Sturm 1824)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus (Letzner 1852)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus rhaeticus (Heer 1837)	1	§	1	1
Pterostichus strenuus (Panzer 1797)	1	1	1	1
Pterostichus taksonyis (Csiki 1930)	1	+	+	+
Pterostichus vernalis (Panzer 1796)	1	1	1	1
Sericoda quadripunctata (De Geer 1774)	1	+	+	+
Sphodrus leucophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758)	1	+	+	+
Stenolophus mixtus (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Stenolophus skrimshiranus (Stephens 1828)	1	1	1	1
Stenolophus teutonus (Schrank 1781)	1	1	1	1
Stomis p. pumicatus (Panzer 1796)	1	1	1	1
Syntomus foveatus (Fourcroy 1785)	1	1	1	1
Syntomus pallipes (Dejean 1825)	1	§	1	1
Syntomus truncatellus (Linnaeus 1761)	1	1	1	1
Synuchus v. vivalis (Illiger 1798)	1	1	1	1
Tachyta n. nana (Gyllenhal 1810)	1	1	1	1
Thalassophilus longicornis (Sturm 1825)	1	+	+	+
Trechoblemus micros (Herbst 1784)	1	1	1	1
Trechus austriacus (Dejean 1831)	1	1	1	1
Trechus o. obtusus (Erichson 1837)	1	1	1	1
Trechus p. pulchellus (Putzeys 1846)	1	1	§	§
Trechus pilisensis sudeticus (Pawlowski 1975)	§	+	+	+
Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank 1781)	1	1	1	1
Trechus rubens (Fabricius 1792)	§	1	§	§
Trichocellus placidus (Gyllenhal 1827)		1	1	1
Trichotichnus laevicollis (Duftschmid 1812)	1	1	1	§
Zabrus t. tenebrioides (Goeze 1777)	1	1	1	1
Total 362	333	269	264	275

1. Key: 1 = confirmed species, + = extinct species, § = presumed present. Nomenclature according to Hůrka (1996); the taxa are given in alphabetical order

APPENDIX III

Diurnal Lepidoptera (Day-flying butterflies) recorded in Prague

Scientific name	English name	To 1950	1951–1980	1981–1994	1995–2001	2002–2012
Hesperiidae	Skippers
Carcharodus alceae (Esper 1780)	Mallow Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeller 1847)	Tufted Skipper	X	–	–	–	–
Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper 1783)	Marbled Skipper	X	–	–	–	–
Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas 1771)	Chequered Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Erynnis tages (Linnaeus 1758)	Dingy Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Hesperia comma (Linnaeus 1758)	Silver-spotted Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper 1777)	Large Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Pyrgus alveus (Hübner 1803)	Large Grizzled Skipper	X	X	X	–	–
Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür 1910)	Oberthür’s Grizzled Skipper	X	X	X	–	X
Pyrgus carthami (Hübner 1813)	Safflower Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus 1758)	Grizzled Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur 1839)	Olive Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Spialia sertorius (Hoffmannsegg 1804)	Red Underwing Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg 1775)	Lulworth Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer 1808)	Essex Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda 1761)	Small Skipper	X	X	X	X	X
Total 16
Papilionidae	Swallowtails
Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus 1758)	Scarce Swallowtail	X	X	X	X	X
Papilio machaon (Linnaeus 1758)	Swallowtail	X	X	X	X	X
Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus 1758)	Clouded Apollo	X	X	–	–	–
Total 3
Pieridae	Pierids
Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus 1758)	Orange Tip	X	X	X	X	X
Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus 1758)	Black-veined White	X	X	–	X	X
Colias alfacariensis (Ribbe 1905)	Berger’s Clouded Yellow	X	X	X	X	X
Colias chrysotheme (Esper 1781)	Lesser Clouded Yellow	X	–	–	–	–
Colias crocea (Fourcroy 1785)	Clouded Yellow	X	X	X	X	X
Colias erate (Esper 1805)	Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow	–	–	X	X	–
Colias hyale (Linnaeus 1758)	Pale Clouded Yellow	X	X	X	X	X
Colias myrmidone (Esper 1781)	Danube Clouded Yellow	X	–	–	–	–
Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus 1758)	Brimstone	X	X	X	X	X
Leptidea juvernica (Williams 1946)	Cryptic Wood White	met	X	X	X	X
Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus 1758)	Wood White	met	met	met	X	X
Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus 1758)	Large White	X	X	X	X	X
Pieris napi (Linnaeus 1758)	Green-veined White	X	X	X	X	X
Pieris rapae (Linnaeus 1758)	Small White	X	X	X	X	X
Pontia edusa (Fabricius 1777)	Bath White	X	X	X	X	X
Total 15
Lycaenidae	Lycaenids
Aricia agestis (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Brown Argus	X	X	X	X	X
Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius 1793)	Mountain Argus	X	–	X	–	X
Aricia eumedon (Esper 1780)	Geranium Argus	X	X	X	X	X
Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus 1758)	Green Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus 1758)	Holly Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Cupido argiades (Pallas 1771)	Short-tailed Blue	X	X	X	X	–
Cupido minimus (Fuessly 1775)	Little Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg 1775)	Mazarine Blue	X	X	X	–	–
Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda 1761)	Green-underside Blue	X	–	–	–	X
Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus 1758)	Duke of Burgundy Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus 1761)	Small Copper	X	X	X	X	X
Lycaena thersamon (Esper 1784)	Lesser Fiery Copper	X	–	–	–	–
Lycaena tityrus (Poda 1761)	Sooty Copper	X	X	X	X	X
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus 1758)	Scarce Copper	X	X	X	–	–
Neozephyrus quercus (Linnaeus 1758)	Purple Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Phengaris alcon (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Alcon Blue	X	X	–	–	–
Phengaris arion (Linnaeus 1758)	Large Blue	X	–	X	–	–
Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser 1779)	Dusky Large Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser 1779)	Scarce Large Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Plebejus argus (Linnaeus 1758)	Silver-studded Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Plebejus argyrognomon (Bergsträsser 1779)	Reverdin’s Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Plebejus idas (Linnaeus 1761)	Idas Blue	X	X	X	–	–
Polyommatus amandus (Schneider 1792)	Amanda’s Blue	–	X	X	X	X
Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg 1775)	Adonis Blue	X	X	X	–	–
Polyommatus coridon (Poda 1761)	Chalk-hill Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Polyommatus damon (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Damon Blue	X	–	–	–	–
Polyommatus daphnis (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Meleager’s Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Polyommatus dorylas (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Turquoise Blue	X	X	X	–	–
Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg 1775)	Common Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Polyommatus thersites (Cantener 1834)	Chapman’s Blue	X	X	X	–	X
Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore 1865)	Eastern Baton Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius 1787)	Sloe Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Satyrium ilicis (Esper 1779)	Ilex Hairstreak	X	X	X	–	–
Satyrium pruni (Linnaeus 1758)	Black Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Satyrium spini (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Blue-spot Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Satyrium w-album (Knoch 1782)	White-letter Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Scolitantides orion (Pallas 1771)	Chequered Blue	X	X	X	X	X
Thecla betulae (Linnaeus 1758)	Brown Hairstreak	X	X	X	X	X
Total 38
Nymphalidae	Nymphalids
Aglais urticae (Linnaeus 1758)	Small Tortoiseshell	X	X	X	X	X
Apatura ilia (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Lesser Purple Emperor	X	X	X	X	X
Apatura iris (Linnaeus 1758)	Purple Emperor	–	X	X	X	X
Aphantopus hyperanthus (Linnaeus 1758)	Ringlet	X	X	X	X	X
Araschnia levana (Linnaeus 1758)	Map Butterfly	X	X	X	X	X
Argynnis adippe (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	High Brown Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus 1758)	Dark Green Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus 1758)	Niobe Fritillary	X	–	–	–	–
Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus 1758)	Silver-washed Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Boloria dia (Linnaeus 1767)	Weaver’s Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus 1758)	Pearl-bordered Fritillary	X	X	X	X	–
Boloria selene (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary	X	X	X	–	X
Brenthis ino (Rottemburg 1775)	Lesser Marbled Fritillary	–	X	X	–	X
Chazara briseis (Linnaeus 1764)	Hermit	X	X	X	X	–
Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus 1761)	Pearly Heath	X	X	X	X	X
Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen 1788)	Chestnut Heath	X	X	X	X	X
Coenonympha hero (Linnaeus 1761)	Scarce Heath	X	–	–	–	–
Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus 1758)	Small Heath	X	X	X	X	X
Coenonympha tullia (Müller 1764)	Large Heath	X	–	–	–	–
Erebia aethiops (Esper 1777)	Scotch Argus	X	X	X	–	–
Erebia ligea (Linnaeus 1758)	Arran Brown	X	–	–	–	–
Erebia medusa (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Woodland Ringlet	X	X	X	X	X
Hipparchia alcyone (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Rock Grayling	X	–	–	–	–
Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus 1758)	Grayling	X	X	X	X	X
Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg 1775)	Dusky Meadow Brown	X	X	–	–	–
Inachis io (Linnaeus 1758)	Peacock Butterfly	X	X	X	X	X
Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus 1758)	Queen of Spain Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus 1758)	Large Wall Brown	–	X	X	–	X
Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus 1767)	Wall Brown	X	X	X	X	X
Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus 1764)	White Admiral	X	X	X	X	X
Limenitis populi (Linnaeus 1758)	Poplar Admiral	X	X	X	X	–
Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus 1758)	Meadow Brown	X	X	X	X	X
Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus 1758)	Marbled White	X	X	X	X	X
Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg 1775)	Heath Fritillary	X	X	X	X	X
Melitaea aurelia (Nickerl 1850)	Nickerl’s Fritillary	X	X	–	–	–
Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus 1758)	Glanville Fritillary	X	–	–	–	–
Melitaea diamina (Lang 1789)	False-heath Fritillary	X	–	–	–	–
Melitaea didyma (Esper 1778)	Spotted Fritillary	X	X	–	–	–
Melitaea phoebe (Den. and Schiff. 1775)	Knapweed Fritillary	X	–	–	–	–
Minois dryas (Scopoli 1763)	Dryad	X	X	X	–	–
Neptis sappho (Pallas 1771)	Common Glider	X	–	–	–	–
Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus 1758)	Camberwell Beauty	X	X	X	X	X
Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus 1758)	Large Tortoiseshell	X	X	X	X	X
Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus 1758)	Speckled Wood	X	X	X	X	X
Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus 1758)	Comma Butterfly	X	X	X	X	X
Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus 1758)	Red Admiral	X	X	X	X	X
Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus 1758)	Painted Lady	X	X	X	X	X
Total 47
Grand total 119

1. Key: X  species found during period, – = not recorded, met species were not distinguished in the past, presence in the Prague area possible in all periods

APPENDIX IV

Mollusca occurring in Prague with the number of sites recorded after 1950 and short comments about their habitat requirements and abundance

Species	Number of sites	Habitats and comments
Acanthinula aculeata	33	Frequent, in woodlands on outskirts
Acroloxus lacustris	7	Rare, in ponds
Aegopinella minor	102	Common, in dry sites
Aegopinella nitens	2	Relict occurrence, on Bohemian Karst
Aegopinella nitidula	1	Probably introduced
Aegopinella pura	12	Rare, in woodlands
Alinda biplicata	146	Common, catholic species
Ancylus fluviatilis	9	Frequent, in moving water
Anisus vortex	4	Decreasing, in pools
Anodonta anatina	7 (probably many more)	Frequent, in Vltava and Berounka rivers
Anodonta cygnaea	5	Scattered, in moving and still waters
Aplexa hypnorum	4	Nearly extinct, found in temporary pools
Arianta arbustorum	10	Scattered, in Vltava and Berounka floodplains
Arion circumscriptus	12	Scattered, catholic species
Arion distinctus	85	Common, synanthropic species
Arion fasciatus	45	Common, synanthropic species
Arion fuscus	38	Common, in woodlands on outskirts
Arion vulgaris	20 (probably many more)	Common, invasive species
Arion rufus	11	Scattered, in woodlands
Arion silvaticus	15	Frequent, in woodlands on outskirts
Balea perversa	1	Probably extinct, in šárka valley
Bathyomphalus contortus	3	Rare, in ponds
Bithynia tentaculata	23	Common, in Vltava river and streams
Boettgerilla pallens	28	Frequent, invasive species
Bulgarica nitidosa	18	Endemic species of talus slopes on Bohemian Karst
Bythinella austriaca	1	Rare, in springs
Carychium minimum	47	Common, in wetlands
Carychium tridentatum	48	Common, in humid habitats
Cecilioides acicula	44	Terricolous, common on west Vltava bank
Cepaea hortensis	98	Common, catholic species
Cepaea nemoralis	4 (probably many more)	Spreading, non-native species
Cepaea vindobonensis	35	Frequent, on steppes, especially the Bohemian Karst
Chondrina avenacea	18	Scattered, on rocks of Bohemian Karst
Chondrula tridens	28	Decreasing, in open habitats
Clausilia dubia	6	Rare; in woodlands
Clausilia pumila	17	Scattered, in floodplains
Cochlicopa lubrica	55	Common, catholic species
Cochlicopa lubricella	28	Frequent, in steppes on west Vltava bank
Cochlodina laminate	16	Scattered, in woodlands
Columella edentula	13	Rare, in woodlands in southeast
Cornu aspersa	4	Introduced, Southern European species
Daudebardia rufa	4	Rare, in woodlands in southwest
Deroceras agreste	7	Rare, in floodplains
Deroceras leave	16	Scattered, in humid sites
Deroceras reticulatum	37	Frequent, synanthropic species
Deroceras sturanyi	6	Scattered, synanthropic species
Discus perspectivus	1	Relict woodland species
Discus rotundatus	135	Common, catholic species
Ena Montana	2	Rare, in woodlands
Eucobresia diaphana	7	Rare, in floodplains
Euconulus fulvus	27	Common, in woodlands on outskirts
Euconulus praticola	1	Relict, in floodplains
Euomphalia strigella	87	Common, in drier sites, declining
Fruticicola fruticum	3	Rare, in semiopen woodlands
Galba truncatula	38	Common, aquatic species
Granaria frumentum	36	Common, in Bohemian Karst steppes
Gyraulus albus	26	Common, aquatic species
Gyraulus crista	9	Scattered, in ponds
Gyraulus laevis	5	Rare, in ponds
Helicigona lapicida	3	Rare, in rocky forests
Helicodonta obvolvuta	1	Relict woodland species
Helicopsis striata	2	Extinct, steppe species
Helisoma sp.	2	Rare, in ponds—non-native American genera
Helix lucorum	1	Introduced, Mediterranean species
Helix pomatia	147	Common, catholic species
Hippeutis complanatus	8	Scattered, in ponds
Hygromia cinctella	2	Introduced, Western European species
Isognomostoma isognomostomos	3	Rare, woodland species
Lehmannia marginata	3	Rare, in woodlands in southeast
Limacus flavus	1	Rare, eusynanthropic species—in cellars
Limax cinereoniger	11	Scattered, in woodlands on outskirts
Limax maximus	18	Frequent, synanthropic species
Lymnaea stagnalis	14	Decreasing, species of still waters
Macrogastra ventricosa	6	Rare, in woodlands
Malacolimax tenellus	16	Frequent, in woodlands on outskirt
Merdigera obscura	46	Common, in west Vltava bank woodlands
Monachoides incarnatus	121	Common, catholic species
Monacha cartusiana	3	Non-native, spreading Southern European species
Musculium lacustre	7	Scattered, in small waterbodies
Oxychilus cellarius	78	Common, catholic species
Oxychilus depressus	5	Rare, on talus slopes in southwest
Oxychilus draparnaudi	60	Common, synanthropic species
Oxychilus glaber	17	Scattered, on talus slopes
Oxyloma elegans	22	Decreasing, in floodplains
Perforatella bidentata	6	Rare, in floodplains
Perpolita hammonis	67	Catholic, species common on outskirts
Perpolita petronella	1	Relict, in wetlands
Petasina unidentata	2	Rare, in woodlands in southeast
Physa fontinalis	8	Decreasing, in Vltava river
Physella acuta	9	Spreading, in still waters
Pisidium casertanum	16	Common, aquatic species
Pisidium henslowanum	4	Scattered, aquatic species
Pisidium milium	4	Rare, aquatic species
Pisidium nitidum	1	Rare, aquatic species
Pisidium obtusale	3	Rare, aquatic species
Pisidium personatum	14	Common, aquatic species
Pisidium subtruncatum	9	Scattered, aquatic species
Planorbarius corneus	7	Decreasing, in still waters
Planorbis carinatus	3	Probably extinct, aquatic species
Planorbis planorbis	5	Decreasing, aquatic species
Platyla polita	1	Probably extinct, woodland species
Plicuteria lubomirskii	4	Rare, catholic species
Pseudanodonta complanata	2	After 2002 probably increasing in Vltava river
Pseudotrichia rubiginosa	22	Declining, nearly extinct, in floodplains
Punctum pygmaeum	38	Catholic, species common in outskirts
Pupilla muscorum	36	Decreasing, in open habitats
Pupilla sterrii	20	Frequent, previously in Bohemian Karst
Pupilla triplicata	10	Rare, on rocky steppes
Pyramidula pusilla	1	Relict, on limestone rocks of Bohemian Karst
Radix ampla	2	Rare, aquatic species
Radix auricularia	22	Common, aquatic species
Radix ovata	16	Decreasing, aquatic species
Radix peregra	19	Frequent, species of moving waters
Semilimax semilimax	19	Scattered, in woodlands on east Vltava river bank
Sphaerium corneum	22	Common, aquatic species
Sphaerium rivicola	3	Increasing, in Vltava river
Sphyradium doliolum	6	Rare, in woodlands
Stagnicola palustris agg.	7	Rare, aquatic species; insufficient determination
Succinea putris	48	Common, in humid habitats
Succinella oblonga	36	Common, in humid habitats
Tandonia budapestensis	11	Scattered, synanthropic species
Tandonia rustica	9	Rare, thermophilous species, especially in Bohemian Karst
Trochulus hispidus	136	Common, catholic species
Truncatellina claustralis	1	Relict occurrence, in Bohemian Karst
Truncatellina cylindrica	43	Common, in open habitats, especially west Vltava bank
Unio crassus	1	Probably extinct, moving water species
Unio pictorum	4	Scattered, in moving water
Unio tumidus	3	Rare, in Vltava river
Urticicola umbrosus	28	Frequent, in floodplains and humid woodlands
Vallonia costata	78	Common, open country species
Vallonia enniensis	5	Probably extinct in saline wetlands
Vallonia excentrica	6	Rare, in open habitats
Vallonia pulchella	81	Common, open country species
Valvata piscinalis	9	Scattered, in Vltava river
Vertigo angustior	13	Rare, in wetlands, declining
Vertigo antivertigo	14	Rare, in wetlands, declining
Vertigo pusilla	16	Scattered, in woodlands
Vertigo pygmaea	49	Frequent, in open habitats
Vertigo substriata	8	Rare, in woodlands in southeast
Vitrea contracta	18	Frequent, only in Bohemian Karst
Vitrea diaphana	2	Relict, woodland species
Vitrina pellucida	109	Common, catholic species
Viviparus contectus	2	Rare, species of still waters
Viviparus viviparus	10 (probably more)	Increasing, in Vltava river
Xerolenta obvia	32	Declining, open country species
Zonitoides nitidus	65	Common, in humid habitats
Total 146

APPENDIX V

Odonata species found in Prague

Species	English name	Nat Red List	Prague	Abundance in vicinity of Prague	Preferred habitat
Aeshna cyanea (Müller 1764)	Blue Hawker	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus 1758)	Brown Hawker	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Aeshna mixta (Latreille 1805	Migrant Hawker	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Anaciaeschna isoceles (Müller 1767)	Green-eyed Hawker	VU	Common	Common	Warm still waterbodies with rich vegetation
Anax imperator (Leach 1815)	Blue Emperor	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Anax parthenope (Selys 1839)	Lesser Emperor	VU	Rare	Rare	Warm still waterbodies, ponds
Calopteryx splendens (Harris 1782)	Banded Demoiselle	LC	Common	Common	Wide range of running waters
Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus 1758)	Beautiful Demoiselle	LC	Common	Common	Wide range of running waters
Coenagrion hastulatum (Charpentier 1825)	Northern Damselfly	NT	Very rare	Very rare	Still waterbodies, in particular peaty habitats
Coenagrion ornatum (Sélys 1850)	Ornate Damselfly	CR	Rare	Common	Small running waters
Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus 1758)	Azure Damselfly	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden 1823)	Variable Damselfly	LC	Very rare	Rare	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus 1758)	Downy Emerald	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé 1832)	Broad Scarlet	LC	Rare	Rare	Warm still waterbodies, ponds
Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier 1840)	Common Blue	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Erythromma najas (Hansemann 1823)	Large Redeye	LC	Common	Common	Still waterbodies with floating vegetation
Erythromma viridulum (Charpentier 1840)	Small Redeye	NT	Common	Common	Warm still waterbodies with floating vegetation
Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus 1758)	River Clubtail Dragonfly	VU	Rare	Common	Large streams and rivers
Lestes viridis (Vander Linden 1825)	Willow Emerald Damselfly	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden 1820)	Common Bluetail	LC	Common	Common	Ponds, still waterbodies and slow running waters
Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825)	Small Bluetail	NT	Rare	Rare	Artificial pools and small still waterbodies
Lestes dryas (Kirby 1890)	Robust Spreadwing	VU	Very rare	Very rare	Ponds with rich vegetation
Lestes sponsa (Hansemann 1823)	Common Spreadwing	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies with rich macrophyte cover
Leucorrhinia pectoralis (Charpentier 1825)	Large White-faced Darter	VU	Very rare	Very rare	Extensively managed ponds and marsh habitats
Libellula depressa (Linnaeus 1758)	Broad-bodied Chaser	LC	Common	Common	Temporary pools and small still waterbodies
Libellula fulva (Müller 1764)	Scarce Chaser	CR	Very rare	Very rare	Well-warmed still waterbodies, ponds
Libellula quadrimaculata (Linnaeus 1758)	Four-spotted Chaser	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy 1785)	Green Snaketail Dragonfly	EN	Very rare	Very rare	Preserved sections of the smaller rivers
Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe 1837)	Southern Skimmer	EN	Rare	Rare	Well-warmed smaller streams
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus 1758)	Black-tailed Skimmer	LC	Common	Common	Ponds, still waterbodies and slow running waters
Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius 1798)	Keeled Skimmer	EN	Very rare	Very rare	Well-warmed smaller streams
Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas 1771)	Blue Featherleg	LC	Common	Common	Ponds, still waterbodies and slow running water
Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer 1776)	Large Red Damselfly	LC	Common	Common	Ponds, still waterbodies and slow running water
Somatochlora metallica (Vander Linden 1825)	Brilliant Emerald	LC	Common	Common	Oxbow lakes and other still waterbodies
Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden 1820)	Common Winter Damselfly	NT	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Sympetrum danae (Sulzer 1776)	Black Darter	LC	Rare	Rare	Extensive ponds and moor habitats
Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus 1758)	Yellow-winged Darter	LC	Very Rare	Very rare	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Sympetrum fonscolombii (Sélys 1840)	Red-veined Darter	EN	Very Rare	Very rare	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller 1764)	Ruddy Darter	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier 1840)	Common Darter	NT	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus 1758)	Moustached Darter	LC	Common	Common	Ponds and other still waterbodies
Total 41

1. Key: CR  critically endangered, EN endangered, VU vulnerable, NT near threatened

APPENDIX VI

Orthoptera recorded in Prague

Species	English name	Recent occurrence (after 2000)	Historical occurrence	Red List category
Barbitistes constrictus (Br. von Wattenwyl 1878)	Eastern Saw-tailed Bush-cricket	X
Isophya kraussii (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878)	Kraus’s Bush-cricket	X
Leptophyes albovitatta (Kollar 1883)	Striped Bush-cricket	X
Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc 1792)	Speckled Bush-cricket	X
Phaneroptera falcata (Poda 1761)	Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket	X
Phaneroptera nana (Fieber 1853)	Mediterranean Katydid	X
Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille 1804)	Short-winged Cone-head	X
Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius 1793)	Long-winged Cone-head	X
Meconema meridionale (A. Costa 1860)	Southern Oak Bush-cricket	X
Meconema thalassinum (De Geer 1773)	Oak Bush-cricket	X
Metrioptera bicolor (Philippi 1830)	Two-coloured Bush-cricket	X
Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach 1822)	Roesel’s Bush-cricket	X
Pholidoptera griseoaptera (De Geer 1773)	Dark Bush-cricket	X
Platycleis albopunctata (Goeze 1778)	Grey Bush-cricket	X
Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier 1842)	Eastern Bush-cricket		X
Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus 1758)	Great Green Bush-cricket	X
Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus 1758)	House Cricket	X
Gryllus campestris (Linnaeus 1758)	Field Cricket	X
Modicogryllus frontalis (Fieber 1844)	Eastern Cricket		X
Nemobius sylvestris (Bosc 1792)	Wood Cricket	X
Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli 1763)	Tree Cricket	X
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus 1758)	European Mole Cricket		X
Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer 1779)	Ant Cricket		X
Diestrammena asynamora (Adelung 1902)	Greenhouse Camel Cricket	X
Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus 1758)	Two-spotted Ground-hopper	X
Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus 1758)	Slender Ground-hopper	X
Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlberg 1893)	Long-horned Ground-hopper	X
Tetrix undulata (Sowerby 1806)	Common Ground-hopper	X
Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus 1758)	Italian Locust	X		NT
Chorthippus albomarginatus (De Geer 1773)	Lesser Marsh Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus apricarius (Linnaeus 1758)	Upland Field Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus 1758)	Bow-Winged Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg 1815)	Common Field Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt 1821)	Steppe Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus mollis (Charpentier 1825)	Lesser Field Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus paralellus (Zetterstedt 1821)	Meadow Grasshopper	X
Chorthippus vagans (Eversmann 1848)	Heath Grasshopper	X
Chrysochraon dispar (Germar 1834)	Large Gold Grasshopper	X
Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay 1826)	Small Gold Grasshopper	X
Gomphocerippus rufus (Zubowsky 1898)	Rufous Grasshopper	X
Mecostethus parapleurus (Hagenbach 1822)	Leek Grasshopper		X	RE
Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg 1815)	Mottled Grasshopper	X
Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus 1758)	Blue-winged Grasshopper	X
Oedipoda germanica (Latreille 1804)	Red-winged Grasshopper	X		CR
Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charpentier 1825)	Orange-tipped Grasshopper	X
Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus 1767)	Slender Blue-winged Grasshopper	X
Stenobothrus crassipes (Charpentier 1825)		X
Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer 1796)	Stripe-winged Grasshopper	X
Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich-Schäffer 1840)	Black-spotted Grasshopper	X
Stenobothrus stigmaticus (Rambur 1838)	Lesser mottled Grasshopper		X
Stethophyma grossum (Linnaeus 1758)	Large marsh Grasshopper		X	NT
Total 51

1. Key: X present, CR critically endangered, NT  near threatened, RE regionally extinct