Abstract
The most common pediatric orbital malignancy in the developed countries is rhabdomyosarcoma. In the developing world, however, the most common orbital malignancies in the pediatric group are not primary malignant tumors, but rather secondary and metastatic lesions, such as retinoblastoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma. The clinical, histopathological, radiologic, and therapeutic aspects of these tumors are detailed in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Katowitz JA. Pediatric oculoplastic surgery. New York: Springer; 2002. p. 491–2.
Garrity JA, Henderson JW, Cameron JD. Orbital tumors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
Rootman J. Diseases of the orbit. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.
Kodsi SR, Shetlar DJ, Campbell RJ, et al. A review of 340 orbital tumors in children during a 60-year period. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:177–82.
Chuka-Okosa CM, Uche NJ, Kizor-Akaraiwe NN. Orbito-ocular neoplasms in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2008;27(3):144–7.
Shinder R, Al-Zubidi N, Esmaeli B. Survey of orbital tumors at a comprehensive cancer center in the United States. Head Neck. 2011;33(5):610–4.
Frezzotti R, Hadjistilianou T, Tosi P. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit: clinical and histopathological analysis of a personal series of 19 cases. Orbit. 1990;9:307–12.
Karcioglu ZA, Hadjistilianou D, Rozans M, et al. Diagnosis and management of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Control. 2004;11:328–33.
Shields JA, Shields CL. Rhabdomyosarcoma: review for the ophthalmologist. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:39–57.
Finger P, Harbour JW, Karcioglu ZA. Risk factors for metastasis in retinoblastoma [major review]. Surv Ophthalmol. 2002;47:1–16.
Günalp I, Gündüz K. Pediatric orbital tumors in Turkey. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;11(3):193–9.
Adeyemi BF, Kolude BM, Ogun GO, Akang EE. Paediatric head and neck malignancies in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2009;38(1):55–62.
Gupta R, Yadav JS, Yadav S, Wadood A. Orbital involvement in nonendemic Burkitts lymphoma. Orbit. 2012;31(6):441–5.
Omoregie FO, Saheeb BD, Onasanya PO. Periradicular Burkitt’s lymphoma: a report of 2 cases from Nigeria and review of the literature. Afr J Med Sci. 2008;37(3):279–83.
Newton WA, Gehan EA, Webber BL, et al. Classification of rhabdomyosarcomas and related sarcomas. Cancer. 1995;76:1073–85.
Warner MA, Weber AL, Jakobiec FA. Benign and malignant tumors of the orbital cavity including the lacrimal gland. In: Imaging of the globe, orbit and visual pathway. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996. p. 123–42.
Shaib SA, Moseley I, Wright JE. Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma—the radiological characteristics. Clin Radiol. 1998;53:357–62.
Cota N, Chandna A, Abernethy LJ. Orbital abscess masquerading as a rhabdomyosarcoma. J AAPOS. 2000;4:318–20.
Mafee MF, Pai E, Binu P. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Evaluation with MR imaging and CT. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998;36:1215–27.
Roshdy N, Shahin M, Kishk H, et al. MRI in diagnosis of orbital masses. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35(11):986–91.
Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragad AH, et al. The third intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:610–30.
Shields JA, Shields CL, Honavar SG, Demirci H. Clinical spectrum of primary ophthalmic rhabdomyosarcoma. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:2284–92.
Shields CL, Shields JA, Honavar SG, et al. Primary ophthalmic rhabdomyosarcoma in 33 patients. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2001;99:133–42.
Buwalda J, Schouwenburg PF, Blank LE, et al. A novel local treatment strategy for advanced stage head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas in children: results of the AMORE protocol. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:1594–602.
Raney RB, Anderson JR, Kollath J, et al. Late effects of therapy in 94 patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit: report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-III, 1984–1991. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;34:413–20.
Breneman JC, Wiener ES. Issues in the local control of rhabdomyosarcoma. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;35:104–9.
Oberlin O, Rey A, Anderson J, et al. Treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: survival and late effects of treatment. Results of an international workshop. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:197–204.
Fiorillo A, Migliorati R, Vassallo P, et al. Radiation late effects in children treated for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Radiother Oncol. 1999;53:143–8.
Michalski JM, Sur RK, Harms WB, et al. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in pediatric parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;33:985–91.
Janss AJ, Grundy R, Caan A, et al. Optic pathway and hypothalamic/chiasmatic gliomas in children younger than age 5 years with 6 years follow-up. Cancer. 1995;75:1051–9.
von Graefe A. Geschwulste des Schenerven. Arch Ophthalmol. 1864;10:193.
Dutton JJ. Gliomas of the anterior visual pathway. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;38:427–52.
Karcioglu ZA, Kirzhner M. Clinicopathologic correlates in orbital disease. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane’s Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology, vol. 4. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2012. p. 28–30.
Chaundry IA, Morales J, Shamsi FA, et al. Orbitofacial neurofibromatosis: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Eye (Lond). 2011;26:593–2.
Erb HM, Uzcategui N, See RF, Burnstine MA. Orbitotemporal neurofibromatosis: classification and treatment. Orbit. 2007;26:223–38.
Dutton J. Optic nerve glioma. In: Dutton JJ, editor. Diagnostic atlas of orbital diseases. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. p. 120–1.
Listernick R, Charrow J, Greenwald MJ, et al. Optical pathway tumors in children: the effect of neurofibromatosis type 1 on clinical manifestation and natural history. J Pediatr. 1995;127:718–22.
Kuenzle CH, Weissert M, Roulet Bode H, et al. Follow-up of optic pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neuropediatrics. 1994;25:295–300.
Lee AG, Dutton J. A practice pathway for the management of gliomas of the anterior visual pathway: an update and an evidence-based approach. Neuro-ophthalmology. 1999;22:139–55.
Balcer L, Liu G, Heller G, et al. Visual loss in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway gliomas: relation to tumor location by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:442–5.
Liu GT. Optic gliomas of the anterior visual pathway. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006;17(5):427–31.
Gaye G, Scott IU, Feuer W, et al. Long-term visual outcome in patients with anterior visual pathway gliomas. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001;21:1–7.
Parsa CF, Hoyt CS, Lesser RL, et al. Spontaneous regression of optic gliomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:516–29.
Sartor K. MR imaging of the skull and brain. A correlative text-atlas. Berlin: Springer; 1992.
Chateil JF, Sousotte C, Pedespan JM, et al. MRI and clinical differences between optic pathway tumours in children with and without neurofibromatosis. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:24–31.
De Potter P, Shields CL, Shields JA. Optic nerve and meningeal tumors. In: De Potter P, Shields CL, Shields JA, editors. MRI of the eye and orbit. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1995. p. 193–201.
Hollander MD, FitzPatrick M, O’Connor SG, et al. Optic gliomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37:59–71.
Karcioglu ZA, Yulug A, Haik BG. Tumors of the optic nerve. In: Margo CE, Hamed LM, Mames RN, editors. Diagnostic problems in clinical pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994. p. 105–14.
Grabenbauer G, Schuchardt U, Buchfelder M, et al. Radiation therapy of opticohypothalamic gliomas (OHG): radiographic response, vision and late toxicity. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54:239–45.
Khafaga Y, Hassounah M, Kandil A, et al. Optic gliomas: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56:807–12.
Shapey J, Danesh-Meyer HV, Kaye AH. Diagnosis and management of optic nerve glioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18(12):1585–91.
Fuss M, Hug EB, Schaefer RA, et al. Proton radiation therapy (PRT) for pediatric optic pathway gliomas: comparison with 3D planned conventional photons and standard photon technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;45:1117–26.
Han SR, Kim KN, Yee GT, et al. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using Novalis for confined intra-orbital optic nerve glioma in pediatric patient. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29(5):867–71.
Oystreck DT, Morales J, Chaudhry I. Visual loss in orbitofacial neurofibromatosis type 1. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(10):2168–73.
Shofty B, Ben-Sira L, Freedman S, et al. Visual outcome following chemotherapy for progressive optic pathway gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;57(3):481–5.
Musarella MA, Chan HS, DeBoer G, Gallie BL. Ocular involvement in neuroblastoma: prognostic implications. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(8):936–40.
Amemiya T, Hayashida H, Dake Y. Metastatic orbital tumors in Japan: a review of the literature. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2002;9:35–47.
Metha V, Balachandran C, Lonikar V. Blueberry muffin baby: a pictorial differential diagnosis. Dermatol Online J. 2008;14(2):8.
Belgaumi AF, Kauffman WM, Cordoba J, et al. Blindness in children with neuroblastoma. Cancer. 1997;80:1997–2004.
Ahmed S, Goel S, Khandwala M, et al. Neuroblastoma with orbital metastasis: ophthalmic presentation and role of ophthalmologists. Eye (Lond). 2006;20:466–70.
Bullock J, Goldberg SH, Rakes SM, et al. Primary orbital neuroblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1031–3.
Dutton JJ. Neuroblastoma. In: Dutton JJ, editor. Diagnostic atlas of orbital diseases. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. p. 118–9.
Parsons K, Bernhardt B, Strickland B. Targeted immunotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma–the role of monoclonal antibodies. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(2):210–8.
Russo V, Scott IU, Querques G, et al. Orbital and ocular manifestations of acute childhood leukemia: clinical and statistical analysis of 180 patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18(4):619–23.
Stein Wexter R, Wooton-Gorges SL, West DC. Orbital granulocytic sarcoma: an unusual presentation of acute myelocytic leukaemia. Pediatr Radiol. 2003;33:136–9.
Shields JA, Stopyra GA, Marr PB, et al. Bilateral orbital myeloid sarcoma as initial sign of acute myeloid leukaemia: case report and review of the literature. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:138–42.
Noh BW, Park SW, Chun JE, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma in the head and neck: CT and MR imaging findings. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;2(2):66–71.
Zhou J, Bell D, Medeiros LJ. Myeloid sarcoma of the head and neck region. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137(11):1560–8.
Klco JM, Welch JS, Nguyen TT, et al. State of the art in myeloid sarcoma. Int J Lab Hematol. 2011;33(6):555–65.
Maka E, Lukáts O, Tóth J, Fekete S. Orbital tumour as initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia: granulocytic sarcoma: case report. Pathol Oncol Res. 2008;14(2):209–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karcioglu, Z.A., Hadjistilianou, D. (2015). Malignant Pediatric Tumors. In: Karcioglu, Z. (eds) Orbital Tumors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1509-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1510-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)