Abstract
Organisms use various clocks in order to adapt to the daily, tidal, monthly, and annual cycles of the environment. This chapter deals with circadian (daily) clocks and the role light plays in synchronizing them with the 24 h cycles in the environment. We will first characterize these different clocks, their functions, their properties, how to model them, and how light affects them and mention their adaptive significance (Sect. 18.1). The main part of the chapter describes how the circadian system of several organisms is synchronized by light: Synechococcus and Synechocystis are chosen as representatives of cyanobacteria (Sect. 18.2), Ostreococcus and Chlamydomonas as examples of unicellular algae (Sect. 18.3), Arabidopsis as a plant (Sect. 18.4), the ascomycete Neurospora as a fungus (Sect. 18.5), Drosophila as an insect (Sect. 18.6), and rodents (Sect. 18.7) and man (Sect. 18.8) as mammals. These examples show that circadian rhythms occur in almost all organisms. The similarities and differences of their clock mechanisms and the way they are entrained by light are pointed out.
Keywords
- Circadian
- Clocks
- Clocks
- Cycles
- Environment
- Light
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