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Glycobiology of the Nervous System pp 129–164Cite as

From Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycosylation Analysis to Glycomics and Glycoproteomics

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Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 9))

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is the pivotal technique driving most current day protein glycosylation analysis. It is unrivaled in combining high sensitivity, resolution, and precision for de novo identification and therefore most conducive to discovery mapping of new or biologically implicated glyco-epitopes. This chapter attempts to provide an account of current advances and limitations in MS-based glycosylation analysis as it rapidly evolves into all-encompassing glycomics and glycoproteomics. Given the omic-scale complexity, an urgent need is to orchestrate advances in chromatographic separation, chemical derivatization, and innovative online LC-MS/MS scan functions for more penetrative and purposeful data acquisition, along with empowering computational tools to overcome the bottleneck in automated data analysis, in order to increase the breadth and depth of glycomic coverage. This entails not only MSn-level resolution and mapping of isomeric variations but also addressing often overlooked structural features such as poly-N-acetyllactosamine extension and the widespread occurrence of sulfation in relation to immuno-activation and malignant transformation. Only then can functional glycotopes of relevance be uncovered, and further localized to particular glycan and protein carriers, the latter by means of target glycoproteomics. Mapping of site occupancy without addressing the full range of occupying glycans by direct sequencing of glycopeptides is essentially inadequate for any glycobiology driven venture. This chapter aims to conceptualize the required experimental workflows from glycomics to glycoproteomics, with MS analysis of permethylated glycans occupying the central node.

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Abbreviations

CID:

Collision induced dissociation

DMB:

1,2-Diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

ECD:

Electron capture dissociation

EDD:

Electron detachment dissociation

EI:

Electron impact

ESI:

Electrospray

ETD:

Electron transfer dissociation

FAB:

Fast atom bombardment

GAGs:

Glycosaminoglycans

GC:

Gas chromatography

GSL:

Glycosphingolipid

HCD:

Higher energy (C-trap) collision dissociation

Hex:

Hexose

HexNAc:

N-acetylhexosamine

HILIC:

Hydrophilic interaction

HPAEC:

High performance anion exchange chromatography

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

IRMPD:

Infrared multiple photon dissociation

LacdiNAc:

N,N′-diacetyllactosamine

LacNAc:

N-acetyllactosamine

LC:

Liquid chromatography

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

MSn :

Multistage fragmentation

PAD:

Pulsed amperometric detection

PGC:

Poros graphitized carbon

polyLacNAc:

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine

Q/TOF:

Quadrupole/time-of-flight

RP:

Reverse phase

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

TMT:

Tandem mass tags

TOF/TOF:

Time-of-flight/time-of-flight

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Acknowledgment

The author gratefully acknowledge Academia Sinica and Taiwan national Science Council (Grants 99-2311-B-001-021-MY3; 102-2311-B-001-026-MY3) for support on works carried out related to glycomics and glycoproteomics.

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  1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2 Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan

    Kay-Hooi Khoo

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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Robert K. Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

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Khoo, KH. (2014). From Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycosylation Analysis to Glycomics and Glycoproteomics. In: Yu, R., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_7

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