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Photoprotective Mechanisms: Carotenoids

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Plastid Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 5))

Abstract

Environmental light can frequently be detrimental to the photosynthetic machinery of plants. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of the targets of the photo-oxidative damage caused by light and the multiple functions of photosynthetic carotenoids that minimize it. Recently acquired knowledge on the localisation and distribution of carotenoids in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants is presented. Mechanisms that control the light harvesting process in the photosynthetic antenna of higher plants, via protective energy dissipation, are compared and discussed. The role of functional genomics approaches to the study of the multiple functions of carotenoids are highlighted. The significance of carotenoid structure and the physico-chemical properties that enable fine control over the photosynthetic light harvesting processes are analysed and discussed in order to explain the variety of their types.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

CT :

Charge-transfer

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EL:

Excess light

LHC:

Light harvesting complex

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

PAM:

Pulse amplitude modulated

PQ:

Plastoquinone

PSII:

Photosystem II

qE:

Energy-dependent quenching

Ql:

Photoinhibitory quenching

qP:

Photochemical quenching

qZ:

Zea-dependent quenching

RC:

Reaction center

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

szl1 :

Suppressor of zeaxanthinless1

VDE:

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase

ZE:

Zeaxanthin epoxidase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy

    Luca Dall’Osto & Roberto Bassi

  2. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK

    Alexander Ruban

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  1. Luca Dall’Osto
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Correspondence to Roberto Bassi .

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  1. Department of Plant Biology, Univeristy of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA

    Steven M. Theg

  2. Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France

    Francis-André Wollman

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Dall’Osto, L., Bassi, R., Ruban, A. (2014). Photoprotective Mechanisms: Carotenoids. In: Theg, S., Wollman, FA. (eds) Plastid Biology. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1136-3_15

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