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Molecular Chaperone Functions in Plastids

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Plastid Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 5))

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Abstract

Molecular chaperones play essential roles in a wide variety of cellular processes, from de-novo protein folding to protein disaggregation under stress conditions, unfolding and re-folding of misfolded proteins, protein degradation, protein transport and proteome remodeling during development. Almost all cell compartments contain chaperone activity to some extent, hence it is not surprising that a large number of chaperones also play essential roles in the plastid compartment. Here, the focus of chaperone activity is on protein targeting (protein import and assembly of complexes in target membranes) as well as protection from specific chloroplast-derived stresses. Moreover, chaperones play important roles in de-novo folding of plastid-encoded proteins, in the folding of soluble proteins after import and processing of the transit peptides, and in protein degradation. The four major groups of molecular chaperones, the chaperonin/Cpn60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp100 families of chaperones, are all present in plastids but many cofactors and co-chaperones have not yet been identified. Although chaperone function is generally conserved, it seems that plastid-localized chaperones have evolved some specific functions and mechanisms. Current research on plastid-localized chaperones focuses therefore on the specificities of chaperone function in the context of their plastid environment and requirements.

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Abbreviations

ABRE:

Abscisic acid responsive element

APG:

Albino and pale green

CDJ:

Chloroplast DnaJ-like protein

CGE:

Chloroplast GrpE homolog

CPN:

Chaperonin

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

HEP:

Hsp70 escort protein

HSP:

Heat shock protein

PS:

Photosystem

TAC:

Transcriptionally active chromosome

VIPP1:

Vesicle-inducing proteins in plastids 1

ZFHD1:

Zinc-finger homeodomain 1

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  1. Department of Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Michael Schroda & Felix Willmund

  2. Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Chauseestraße 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Raphael Trösch

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  1. Department of Plant Biology, Univeristy of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA

    Steven M. Theg

  2. Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France

    Francis-André Wollman

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Trösch, R., Schroda, M., Willmund, F. (2014). Molecular Chaperone Functions in Plastids. In: Theg, S., Wollman, FA. (eds) Plastid Biology. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1136-3_13

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