Abstract
In this chapter, a number of histologically distinct variants of malignant melanoma including myxoid melanoma, small cell melanoma, rhabdoid melanoma, clear cell sarcoma, pigment-synthesizing melanoma, malignant melanoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, balloon cell melanoma, and signet-ring cell melanoma will be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abbott JJ, Amirkhan RH, Hoang MP. Malignant melanoma with a rhabdoid phenotype: histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a case and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128(6):686–8.
Al-Brahim N, Salama S. Malignant melanoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: an unusual host response: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases and literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 2005;27(2):126–9.
Aloi FG, Coverlizza S, Pippione M. Balloon cell melanoma: a report of two cases. J Cutan Pathol. 1988;15(4):230–3.
Al-Talib RK, Theaker JM. Signet-ring cell melanoma: light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. Histopathology. 1991;18(6):572–5.
Banerjee SS, Harris M. Morphological and immunophenotypic variations in malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 2000;36(5):387–402.
Barnhill RL. Childhood melanoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1998;15(3):189–94.
Barnhill RL, Flotte TJ, Fleischli M, Perez-Atayde A. Cutaneous melanoma and atypical Spitz tumors in childhood. Cancer. 1995;76(10):1833–45.
Bastian BC, Kutzner H, Yen TS, LeBoit PE. Signet-ring cell formation in cutaneous neoplasms. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(4):606–13.
Bittesini L, Dei Tos AP, Fletcher CD. Metastatic malignant melanoma showing a rhabdoid phenotype: further evidence of a non-specific histological pattern. Histopathology. 1992;20(2):167–70.
Bonetti F, Colombari R, Zamboni G, Chilosi M. Signet ring melanoma, S-100 negative. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13(6):522–3.
Borek BT, McKee PH, Freeman JA, Maquire B, Brander WL, Calonje E. Primary malignant melanoma with rhabdoid features: a histologic and immunocytochemical study of three cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998;20(2):123–7.
Breier F, Feldmann R, Fellenz C, Neuhold N, Gschnait F. Primary invasive signet-ring cell melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1999;26(10):533–6.
Brutta S, Mirra JM, Cocharan AJ. Myxoid malignant melanoma: a previously undescribed histologic pattern noted in metastatic lesions and a report of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10(3):203–11.
Chang ES, Wick MR, Swanson PE, Dehner LP. Metastatic melanoma with rhabdoid features. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994;102(4):426–31.
Collina G, Losi L, Taccagni GL, Maiorana A. Myxoid metastases of melanoma: report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19(1):52–7.
Crowson AN, Magro CM, Mihm Jr MC. Malignant melanoma with prominent pigment synthesis: “animal type” melanoma – a clinical and histological study of six cases with a consideration of other melanocytic neoplasms with prominent pigment synthesis. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(5):543–50.
Darier J. Le melanoma malin mesenchymateaux ou melano-sarcome. Bull Assoc Fr Cancer. 1925;14:221–49.
Daroca Jr PJ, Reed RJ, Martin PC. Metastatic amelanotic melanoma simulating giant-cell tumor of bone. Hum Pathol. 1990;21(9):978–80.
Day Jr CL, Harrist TJ, Lew RA, Mihm Jr MC. Classification of malignant melanomas according to the histologic morphology of melanoma nodules. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1982;8(10):874–5. 900.
Deckard-Janatpour K, Kragel S, Teplitz RL, Min BH, Gumerlock PH, Frey CF, Ruebner BH. Tumor of the pancreas with osteoclast-like and pleomorphic giant cells: an immunohistochemical and ploidy study. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122(3):266–72.
Deenik W, Mooi WJ, Rutgers EJ, Peterse JL, Hart AA, Kroon BB. Clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma) of soft parts: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. Cancer. 1999;86(6):969–75.
Denton KJ, Stretch J, Athanasou N. Osteoclast-like giant cells in malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 1992;20(2):179–81.
Eckert F, Baricevic B, Landhaler M, Schmid U. Metastatic signet-ring cell melanoma in a patient with an unknown primary tumor. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26(5 Pt 2):870–5.
Enzinger FM. Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses: an analysis of 21 cases. Cancer. 1965;18:1163–74.
Fanburg-Smith JC, Hengge M, Hengge UR, Smith Jr JS, Miettinen M. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 18 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 1998;2(6):351–62.
Garcia-Caballero T, Fraga M, Antunez JR, Perez-Becerra E, Beiras A, Forteza J. Myxoid metastatic melanoma. Histopathology. 1991;18(4):371–3.
Goel G, Rao S, Khurana N. Malignant melanoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: a report of two cases. J Cancer Res Ther. 2011;7(3):336–8. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.86998.
Haas JE, Palmer NF, Weinberg AG, Beckwith JB. Ultrastructure of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney: a distinctive renal tumor of children. Hum Pathol. 1981;12(7):646–57.
Hanna W, Kahn HJ, From L. Signet ring lymphoma of the skin: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14(2 Part 2):344–50.
Hantschke M, Mentzel T, Rutten A, Palmedo G, Calonje E, Lazar AJ, Kutzner H. Cutaneous clear cell sarcoma: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of 12 cases emphasizing its distinction from dermal melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(2):216–22. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181c7d8b2.
Hisaoka M, Ishida T, Kuo TT, Matsuyama A, Imamura T, Nishida K, et al. Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of 33 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(3):452–60. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31814b18fb.
Hitchcock MG, McCalmont TH, White WL. Cutaneous melanoma with myxoid features. Twelve cases with differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23(12):1506–13.
House N, Fedok F, Maloney ME, Helm KF. Malignant melanoma with clinical and histologic features of Merkel cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31(5 Pt 2):839–42.
Kao GF, Helwig EB, Graham JH. Balloon cell malignant melanoma of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of 34 cases with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural observations. Cancer. 1992;69(12):2942–52.
Khan ZM, Cockerell CJ. Atypical fibroxanthoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19(2):174–9.
Kossard S, Wilkinson B. Small cell (naevoid) melanoma: a clinicopathologic study of 131 cases. Australas J Dermatol. 1997;38(Suppl1):S54–8.
Laskin WB, Knittel DR, Frame JN. S100 protein and HMB-45 negative “rhabdoid” malignant melanoma: a totally dedifferentiated malignant melanoma? Am J Clin Pathol. 1995;103(6):772–3.
Leung KM, Wong S, Chow TC, Kee KC. A malignant stromal tumor with osteoclast-like giant cells. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126(8):972–4.
LiVolsi VA, Brooks JJ, Soskow R, Johnson BL, Elder DE. Signet cell melanocytic lesions. Mod Pathol. 1992;5(5):515–20.
McCluggage WG, Shah V, Toner PG. Primary cutaneous myxoid malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 1996;28(2):179–82.
Morgan MB, Stevens L, Patterson J, Tannenbaum M. Cutaneous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdoid features: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of three cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2000;27(10):529–34.
Mowat A, Reid R, Mackie R. Balloon cell metastatic melanoma: an important differential in the diagnosis of clear cell tumors. Histopathology. 1994;24(5):469–72.
Nakleh RE, Wick MR, Rocamora A, Swanson PE, Dehner LP. Morphological diversity in malignant melanomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;93(6):731–40.
Nottingham JF, Slatter DN. Malignant melanoma: a new mimic of colloid adenocarcinoma. Histopathology. 1988;13(5):576–8.
Nowark M, Fatteh S, Campbell TE. Glycogen-rich malignant melanomas and glycogen-rich balloon cell malignant melanomas: frequency and pattern of PAS positivity in primary and metastatic melanomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;21(2):181–4.
Peters MS, Su DWP. Balloon cell malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13(2 Pt 2):351–4.
Plaza JA, Torres-Cabala C, Evans H, Diwan HA, Suster S, Prieto VG. Cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma: a clinicopathologic study of 192 cases with emphasis on the morphologic spectrum. Am J Dermatopathol. 2010;32(2):129–36. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181b34a19.
Prieto VG, Kanik A, Salob S, McNutt NS. Primary cutaneous myxoid melanoma: immunohistologic clue to a difficult diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(2 Pt 2):335–9.
Rahchod M. Metastatic melanoma with balloon cell changes. Cancer. 1972;30(4):1006–13.
Russo JJ, Barr KL, Scanlan LZ, Chapman-Fredricks J, Herrera L, Dinges MM, Vincek V. Signet ring cell melanoma, Brenner sign, and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(2):444–6. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.033.
Rutten A, Huschka U, Requena C, Rodriquez-Peralto JL, Requena L. Primary cutaneous signet-ring melanoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of two cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 2003;25(5):418–22.
Sara AS, Evans HL, Benjamin RS. Malignant melanoma of soft parts (clear cell sarcoma): a study of 17 cases, with emphasis on prognostic factors. Cancer. 1990;65(2):367–74.
Sarode VR, Joshi K, Ravichandran P, Das R. Myxoid variant of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 1992;20(2):186–7.
Sheibani K, Battifora H. Signet-ring cell melanoma. A rare morphological variant of malignant melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12(1):28–34.
Sondergaard K, Henschel A, Hou-Jensen K. Metastatic melanoma with balloon cell changes: an electron microscopic study. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1985;1(3):357–60.
Spatz A, Barnhill RL. Small cell melanoma in childhood. Pathol Case Rev. 1999;4:103–6.
Terada T, Endo K, Maeta H, Horie S, Ohta T. Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cell in the rectum. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124(3):438–40.
Thway K, Fisher C. Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions: the current status. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(7):e1–11. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31825485c5.
Urso C, Giannotti B, Bondi R. Myxoid melanoma of the skin. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114(5):527–8.
Wang WL, Mayordomo E, Zhang W, Hernandez VS, Tuvin D, Garcia L, et al. Detection and characterization of EWSR1/ATF1 and EWSR1/CREB1 chimeric transcripts in clear cell sarcoma (melanoma of soft parts). Mod Pathol. 2009;22(9):1201–9. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.85.
Zelger BG, Steiner H, Wambacher B, Zelger B. Malignant melanomas simulating various types of soft tissue tumors. Dermatol Surg. 1997;23(11):1047–54.
Zembowicz A, Carney JA, Mihm MC. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: a low-grade melanocytic tumor with metastatic potential indistinguishable from animal-type melanoma and epithelioid blue nevus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(1):31–40.
Zucman J, Delattre O, Cesmaze C, Epstein AL, Stenman G, Speleman F, et al. EWS and ATF-1 gene fusion induced by t(12;22) translocation in malignant melanoma of soft parts. Nat Genet. 1993;4(4):341–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoang, M.P., Mihm, M.C. (2014). Special Variants of Malignant Melanoma. In: Hoang, M., Mihm Jr., M. (eds) Melanocytic Lesions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0891-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0891-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0890-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0891-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)