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Blood Platelet as a Peripheral Cell in Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders

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Book cover Studies on Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Enhanced production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and the oxidative changes in the brain may be reflected by abnormalities in peripheral blood platelets from patients with psychiatric diseases. Platelets, the smallest anucleated blood cells with a relatively short half-life time, are useful models to study the mechanism of cell signaling pathways or the extent of oxidative damage and changes in the central nervous system. To determine the oxidative stress in platelets, the analysis of specific markers such as lipid peroxidation, level of nitrotyrosine and carbonyl groups in proteins, free low molecular thiols and protein thiols, and activity of antioxidative enzymes together with estimation of platelet function are used. Platelets may have important clinical implications either diagnostically or as a research tool. Moreover, a major advantage in studying the platelets lies in their ease of access in patients. Here, the structure and function of platelets and their role in inflammatory and psychiatric diseases are described. The effects of ROS/RNS, especially nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on platelets, are presented.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

A disintegrin and metalloprotease

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AMPAR:

Glutamate receptor

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DTS:

Dense tubular system

EAAT:

Excitatory amino acid transporter

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GP:

Glycoprotein

GPCRs:

G protein-coupled receptors

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

HMWK:

High molecular weight kininogen

IL:

Interleukin

LIGHT:

Cytokine

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MDA:

Malonyldialdehyde

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MP:

Microparticle

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

OCS:

Open canalicular system

PAF:

Platelet-activating factor

PAR:

Protease-activated receptor

PC:

Phosphatidylserine

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PF4 :

Platelet factor 4

PGH2 :

Prostaglandin H2

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PKG:

Protein kinase G

PLA2 :

Phospholipase A2

PLC:

Phospholipase C

RANTES:

Regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RSNOs:

S-nitrosothiols

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SSRI:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TIMPs:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TP:

Thromboxane receptor

TXA2 :

Thromboxane A2

Tyr:

Tyrosine

VASP:

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein

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  1. Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland

    Barbara Wachowicz Ph.D.

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  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Anna Dietrich-Muszalska

  2. Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York, USA

    Ved Chauhan

  3. Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon

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Wachowicz, B. (2015). Blood Platelet as a Peripheral Cell in Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders. In: Dietrich-Muszalska, A., Chauhan, V., Grignon, S. (eds) Studies on Psychiatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_16

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