Skip to main content

What Do You Mean You Don’t Also Offer Palliative Care? Effective Public Engagement to Harness Demand to Improve Care for Serious Illness

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Meeting the Needs of Older Adults with Serious Illness

Abstract

Public engagement is necessary to improve care for individuals suffering with serious illness. Early, concurrent palliative care has been shown to improve quality and patient/family satisfaction while also supporting system needs. If public engagement is to be effective in improving care for the seriously ill in this country, then advocates need to adjust their current approach. Current public engagement efforts on advance directives (ADs) and the advance care planning process (ACP) focus on anticipating medical decisions in the context of death and dying. These are emotionally frightening and negatively charged concepts which are not experienced as immediately relevant to people who are not imminently dying and are routinely avoided by the general public. Effective public engagement strategies would create public demand for palliative care services and empower patients to access these services. Communication strategies building public demand are needed to create system change that integrates concurrent palliative care for the seriously ill across settings. Public demand for palliative care will drive market changes for these services. It will also encourage policy that mandates palliative care and allocates necessary resources for training, research, and service delivery. Successful public engagement will foster an image of what quality care should look like and define calls to action that increase availability and access to palliative care. Effective messaging will replace negative stories focusing on death and dying with empowering stories of situations that offer a positive vision of achievable, personally relevant, and desirable outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gerteis M, Edgman-Levitan S, Daley J, Delbanco TL, editors. Through the patient’s eyes: understanding and promoting patient-centered care. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lilly CM, De Meo DL, Sonna LA, et al. An intensive communication intervention for the critically ill. Am J Med. 2000;109:469–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B, et al. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:469–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Curtis JR, Treece PD, Nielsen EL, et al. Integrating palliative and critical care: evaluation of a quality-improvement intervention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:269–75.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mosenthal AC, Murphy PA, Barker LK, et al. Changing the culture around end-of-life care in the trauma intensive care unit. J Trauma. 2008;64:1587–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. AARP, unpublished, proprietary data on aging Americans; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Long-term care study conducted by Lake Research Partners, 18–23 Dec 2010. The SCAN Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sofaer S, Hopper SS, Firminger K, Naierman N, Nelson M. Addressing the need for public reporting of comparative hospice quality: a focus group study. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2009;35(8):422–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Survey of California voters 40 and older conducted by Lake Research Partners and American Viewpoint. The SCAN Foundation and UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 16 Aug 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bakitas M, Doyle Lyons K, Hegel M, Balan S, Brokaw F, Seville J, Hull J, Li Z, Tosteson T, Byock I, Ahles T. Effects of a palliative care intervention on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. JAMA. 2009;302(7):741–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Morrison RS, Penrod JD, Cassell JB, Causel-Ellenbogen M, Litke A, Spragens L, Meier DE. Cost savings associated with U.S. hospital palliative care consultation programs. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(16):1783–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Morrison RS, Dietrich J, Ladwig S, Quill T, Sacco J, Tangeman J, et al. Palliative care consultation teams cut hospital costs for Medicaid beneficiaries. Health Aff. 2011;30(3):454–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Robinson K, Sutton S, Von Gunten CF, et al. Assessment of the education for physicians on end-of-life care (EPEC™) project. J Palliat Med. 2004;7(5):637–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Delbanco T, Gerteis M. A patient-centered view of the clinician–patient relationship. 2014 [Updated 14 Oct 2013]. http://www.uptodate.com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu

  15. Clayton JM, Hancock KM, Butow PN, Tattersall MHN, Currow DC. Clinical practice guidelines for communicating prognosis and end-of-life issues with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness, and their caregivers. Med J Aust. 2007;186(12):77.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Green ML, Aagaard EM, Caverzagie KJ, Chick DA, Holmboe E, Kane G, Smith CD, Iobst W. Charting the road to competence: developmental milestones for internal medicine residency training. J Grad Med Educ. 2009;1(1):5–20.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Almack K, Cox K, Moghaddam N, Pollock K, Seymour J. After you: conversations between patients and healthcare professionals in planning for end of life care. BMC Palliative Care. 2012;11:15. doi:10.1186/1472-684X-11-15.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Parker SM, Clayton JM, Hancock K, et al. A systematic review of prognostic/end-of-life communication with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness: patient/caregiver preferences for the content, style, and timing of information. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007;34(1):81–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy, Advance Directives and Advance Care Planning: Report To Congress, Aug 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fagerlin A, Schneider C. Enough: the failure of the living will. Hastings Cent Rep. 2004;34:30–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hammes BJ, Rooney BL. Death and end-of-life planning in one Midwestern community. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:383–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shapiro S. Advance directives: the elusive goal of having the last word. NAELA J. 2012;VIII(2):205–32.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Advance Care Planning: preferences for care at the end-of-life. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Research in Action, Issue # 12, Mar 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pew Research Center. Growing old in America: expectations vs. reality. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  25. AARP Planning for long-term care: a survey of midlife and older women, Oct 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  26. For more on the use of non-medical advance planning models, see: Fried TR, Redding, CA, Robbins ML, Paiva A, O'Leary JR, Iannone, L. Stages of change for the component behaviors of advance care planning. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(12):2329–36. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03184.x.

  27. Balch Associates. Assessment of last acts program provides recommendations for future direction. http://www.rwjf.org/reports/grr/038049.htm. Accessed 22 Mar 2007.

  28. Halpern SD, Loewenstein G, Volpp KG, Cooney E, Vranas K, Quill CM, McKenzie MS, et al. Default options in advance directives influence how patients set goals for end-of-life care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(2):408–17. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hogan C, Lynn J, Gabel J, et al. Medicare beneficiaries’ costs and use of care in the last year of life. Final report to MedPAC. Washington (DC); 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lynn J. Serving patients who may die soon and their families. JAMA. 2001;285(7):925–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lynn J, Schall MW, Milne C, et al. Quality improvements in end of life care: insights from two collaboratives. Jt Comm J Qual Improve. 2000;26(5):254–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bennett A. Summary report of national summit on advanced illness, coalition to transform advance care.

    Google Scholar 

  33. 2011 Public opinion research on palliative care. Center to Advance Palliative Care and American Cancer Society Action Network. Long-term care study conducted Lake Research Partners, 18–23 Dec 2010. The SCAN Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  34. UHG-AARP Services Advance Care Planning Roundtable in DC, Apr 2010. 2011 Public opinion research on palliative care. Center to Advance Palliative Care and American Cancer Society Action Network. Long-term care study conducted by Lake Research Partners, 18–23 Dec 2010. The SCAN Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Arnold R. Half-full or half-empty: making the message of palliative care palatable. J Palliat Med. 2005;8(3):474–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. 2011 Public opinion research on palliative care. Center to Advance Palliative Care and American Cancer Society Action Network.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, Allore H. Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1061–6. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa012528.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Living well at the end of life: a national conversation. National Journal and the Regence Foundation, Mar 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Majority of Americans agree “There’s No Place Like Home” for care of elderly family members. Harris Interactive Poll conducted for Amedisys; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Whitlatch CJ, Feinberg LF. Family care and decision making. In: Cox C, editor. Dementia and social work practice: research and interventions. New York: Springer; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Final chapter: Californians attitudes and experiences with death and dying. California Healthcare Foundation, Feb 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Allshouse KD. Treating patients as individuals. In: Gerteis M, Edgman-Levitan S, Daley J, Delbanco TL, editors. Through the patient’s eyes: understanding and promoting patient-centered care. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, Gallagher ER, Admane S, Jackson VA, Dahlin CM, Blinderman CD, Jacobsen J, Pirl WF, Billings JA, Lynch TJ. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):733–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1000678.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Living well at the end of life: a national conversation. National Journal and the Regence Foundation, Nov 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Center to Advance Palliative Care. http://www.capc.org/reportcard/.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sharyn M. Sutton Ph.D., Masters of Arts in Communication .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sutton, S.M., Grant, M.S. (2014). What Do You Mean You Don’t Also Offer Palliative Care? Effective Public Engagement to Harness Demand to Improve Care for Serious Illness. In: Kelley, A., Meier, D. (eds) Meeting the Needs of Older Adults with Serious Illness. Aging Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0407-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0407-5_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0406-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0407-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics