Skip to main content

Autoimmunity and Sinus Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Diseases of the Sinuses

Abstract

Sinus disease is most commonly seen in ANCA-associated vasculitis. There are rare reports of sinus disease in other rheumatologic conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The pathogenesis of sinus disease in this group of disorders is probably related to immunologic dysfunction that may involve T- and B-cell regulation, apoptosis, and the inflammasome. The relative roles of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of sinus disease in vasculitides are unclear. The treatment of sinus disease in these disorders usually is part of the overall treatment of the disease and may include corticosteroids, disease-modifying agents, biologic modulators, and other immunosuppressive drugs. The prognosis of sinus disease in these conditions usually follows the course of the overall illness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mackay IR. Travels and travails of autoimmunity: a historical journey from discovery to rediscovery. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9:A251–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Edwards JC, Cambridge G, Abrahams VM. Do self-perpetuating B lymphocytes drive human autoimmune disease? Immunology. 1999;97:188–96.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shlomchik MJ, Craft JE, Mamula MJ. From T to B and back again: positive feedback in systemic autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2001;1:147–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tzioufas AG, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM. Pathogenesis of Sjogren’s syndrome: what we know and what we should learn. J Autoimmun. 2012;39:4–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Martin F, Chan AC. Pathogenic roles of B cells in human autoimmunity; insights from the clinic. Immunity. 2004;20:517–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Edwards JC, Cambridge G. B-cell targeting in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6:394–403.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mackay F, Browning JL. BAFF: a fundamental survival factor for B cells nature reviews. Immunology. 2002;2(7):465–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jennette JC. Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis: lessons learned from granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis). Clin Exp Immunol. 2011;164 Suppl 1:7–10.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Luqmani RA, Suppiah R, Grayson PC, Merkel PA, Watts R. Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis – update on the ACR/EULAR diagnosis and classification of vasculitis study (DCVAS). Clin Exp Immunol. 2011;164 Suppl 1:11–3.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Stone JH. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis and the Churg-Strauss syndrome. In: John H. Klippel, editor. Primer on the rheumatic diseases. 13th ed. New York: Springer; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sorensen SF, Slot O, Tvede N, Petersen J. A prospective study of vasculitis patients collected in a five year period: evaluation of the Chapel Hill nomenclature. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:478–82.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mohammad AJ, Jacobsson LT, Mahr AD, Sturfelt G, Segelmark M. Prevalence of Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome within a defined population in southern Sweden. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1329–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ntatsaki E, Watts RA, Scott DG. Epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2010;36:447–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hoffman GS, Drucker Y, Cotch MF, Locker GA, Easley K, Kwoh K. Wegener’s granulomatosis: patient-reported effects of disease on health, function, and income. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:2257–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fujimoto S, Watts RA, Kobayashi S, et al. Comparison of the epidemiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis between Japan and the U.K. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:1916–20.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Holle JU, Laudien M, Gross WL. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2010;36:507–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Baldini C, Talarico R, Della Rossa A, Bombardieri S. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2010;36:527–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Guillevin L, Durand-Gasselin B, Cevallos R, et al. Microscopic polyangiitis: clinical and laboratory findings in eighty-five patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:421–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sinico RA, Bottero P. Churg-Strauss angiitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009;23:355–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cannady SB, Batra PS, Koening C, et al. Sinonasal Wegener granulomatosis: a single-institution experience with 120 cases. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:757–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Takwoingi YM, Dempster JH. Wegener’s granulomatosis: an analysis of 33 patients seen over a 10-year period. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2003;28:187–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Akikusa JD, Schneider R, Harvey EA, et al. Clinical features and outcome of pediatric Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:837–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kallenberg CG. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70 Suppl 1:i59–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. van Timmeren MM, Heeringa P. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: recent insights from animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24:8–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rutgers A, Kallenberg CG. Refractory disease in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24:245–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:310–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Noth I, Strek ME, Leff AR. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Lancet. 2003;361:587–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Strauss L, Churg J, Zak FG. Cutaneous lesions of allergic granulomatosis; a histopathologic study. J Invest Dermatol. 1951;17:349–59.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Churg J, Strauss L. Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angiitis, and periarteritis nodosa. Am J Pathol. 1951;27:277–301.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Davies DJ, Moran JE, Niall JF, Ryan GB. Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis with antineutrophil antibody: possible arbovirus aetiology? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285:606.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al. 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:1–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, Hughes GR. Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 1984;63:65–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1094–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Vaglio A, Buzio C, Zwerina J. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): state of the art. Allergy. 2013;68:261–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:187–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Olsen KD, Neel 3rd HB, Deremee RA, Weiland LH. Nasal manifestations of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (1979). 1980;88:85–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Solans R, Bosch JA, Perez-Bocanegra C, et al. Churg-Strauss syndrome: outcome and long-term follow-up of 32 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40:763–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bacciu A, Bacciu S, Mercante G, et al. Ear, nose and throat manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006;126:503–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Vaglio A, Martorana D, Maggiore U, et al. HLA-DRB4 as a genetic risk factor for Churg-Strauss syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3159–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Wieczorek S, Hellmich B, Gross WL, Epplen JT. Associations of Churg-Strauss syndrome with the HLA-DRB1 locus, and relationship to the genetics of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: comment on the article by Vaglio et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:329–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lane SE, Watts RA, Bentham G, Innes NJ, Scott DG. Are environmental factors important in primary systemic vasculitis? A case-control study. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:814–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Lilly CM, Churg A, Lazarovich M, et al. Asthma therapies and Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;109:S1–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Furuta S, Jayne DR. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis: recent developments. Kidney Int. 2013;84(2):244–9. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sinico RA, Di Toma L, Maggiore U, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2926–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Healy B, Bibby S, Steele R, Weatherall M, Nelson H, Beasley R. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and myeloperoxidase autoantibodies in clinical expression of Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:571–6.e6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Pagnoux C, Guilpain P, Guillevin L. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2007;19:25–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Mahr A, Mouthon L, Le Toumelin P. The five-factor score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine (Baltimore). 2011;90:19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ribi C, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, et al. Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome without poor-prognosis factors: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study of seventy-two patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:586–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Moosig F, Bremer JP, Hellmich B, et al. A vasculitis centre based management strategy leads to improved outcome in eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss, EGPA): monocentric experiences in 150 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):1011–7.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Danieli MG, Cappelli M, Malcangi G, Logullo F, Salvi A, Danieli G. Long term effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1649–54.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Tatsis E, Schnabel A, Gross WL. Interferon-alpha treatment of four patients with the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:370–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Metzler C, Csernok E, Gross WL, Hellmich B. Interferon-alpha for maintenance of remission in Churg-Strauss syndrome: a long-term observational study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:24–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Puéchal X, Rivereau P, Vinchon F. Churg Strauss syndrome associated with omalizumab. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19:364–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Giavina Bianchi P, Giavina Bianchi M, Agondi R, Kalil J. Omalizumab and Churg Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122:217.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Spina MF, Miadonna A. Role of omalizumab and steroids in Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(3):600–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lau EM, Cooper W, Bye PT, Yan K. Difficult asthma and Churg-Strauss-like syndrome: a cautionary tale. Respirology. 2011;16(1):180–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Corren J. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody therapy in asthma and allergies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;11:565–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Chung SA, Seo P. Microscopic polyangiitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2010;36:545–58.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Naguwa SM, Gershwin ME. Sjogren’s syndrome. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, editors. Cecil medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Shiboski SC, Shiboski CH, Criswell L, et al. American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjogren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:475–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Takeuchi K, Sakakura Y, Murai S, Majima Y. Nasal mucociliary clearance in Sjogren’s syndrome. Dissociation in flow between sol and gel layers. Acta Otolaryngol. 1989;108:126–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Voulgarelis M, Dafni UG, Isenberg DA, Moutsopoulos HM. Malignant lymphoma in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, clinical study by the European Concerted Action on Sjogren’s Syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1765–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Christodoulou MI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM. Characteristics of the minor salivary gland infiltrates in Sjogren’s syndrome. J Autoimmun. 2010;34:400–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Mackay F, Schneider P, Rennert P, Browning J. BAFF AND APRIL: a tutorial on B cell survival. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:231–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Mackay F, Sierro F, Grey ST, Gordon TP. The BAFF/APRIL system: an important player in systemic rheumatic diseases. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2005;8:243–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Mackay F, Schneider P. Cracking the BAFF code. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:491–502.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Michaud K, Wolfe F. The association of rheumatoid arthritis and its treatment with sinus disease. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:2412–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Rupp I, Boshuizen HC, Jacobi CE, Dinant HJ, van den Bos G. Comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect on health-related quality of life. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:58–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Leboime A, Berthelot JM, Allanore Y, et al. Sinus aspergilloma in rheumatoid arthritis before or during tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R164.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Yazici H, Tuzun Y, Pazarli H, et al. Influence of age of onset and patient’s sex on the prevalence and severity of manifestations of Behcet’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 1984;43:783–9.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Yurdakul S, Yazici H. Behcet’s syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008;22:793–809.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Martins HM, Santos S, Lourenco JF, Araujo JA. Destructive sinusopathy and middle ear involvement in Behcet’s syndrome. A case report. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;528:473–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet’s disease. International Study Group for Behcet’s Disease. Lancet. 1990;335:1078–80.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ohno S, Ohguchi M, Hirose S, Matsuda H, Wakisaka A, Aizawa M. Close association of HLA-Bw51 with Behcet’s disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:1455–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Verity DH, Marr JE, Ohno S, Wallace GR, Stanford MR. Behcet’s disease, the Silk Road and HLA-B51: historical and geographical perspectives. Tissue Antigens. 1999;54:213–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Kotter I, Gunaydin I, Stubiger N, et al. Comparative analysis of the association of HLA-B*51 suballeles with Behcet’s disease in patients of German and Turkish origin. Tissue Antigens. 2001;58:166–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Ahmad T, Wallace GR, James T, et al. Mapping the HLA association in Behcet’s disease: a role for tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms? Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:807–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Yazici H, Pazarli H, Barnes CG, et al. A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet’s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:281–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hamuryudan V, Ozyazgan Y, Hizli N, et al. Azathioprine in Behcet’s syndrome: effects on long-term prognosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:769–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Greenwood AJ, Stanford MR, Graham EM. The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis. Eye (Lond). 1998;12(Pt 5):783–8.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Aktulga E, Altac M, Muftuoglu A, et al. A double blind study of colchicine in Behcet’s disease. Haematologica. 1980;65:399–402.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Yurdakul S, Mat C, Tuzun Y, et al. A double-blind trial of colchicine in Behcet’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:2686–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Matsumura N, Mizushima Y. Leucocyte movement and colchicine treatment in Behcet’s disease. Lancet. 1975;2:813.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Ozyazgan Y, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, et al. Low dose cyclosporin A versus pulsed cyclophosphamide in Behcet’s syndrome: a single masked trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:241–3.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Whitcup SM, Salvo Jr EC, Nussenblatt RB. Combined cyclosporine and corticosteroid therapy for sight-threatening uveitis in Behcet’s disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:39–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Binder AI, Graham EM, Sanders MD, Dinning W, James DG, Denman AM. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe Behcet’s uveitis. Br J Rheumatol. 1987;26:285–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Masuda K, Nakajima A, Urayama A, Nakae K, Kogure M, Inaba G. Double-masked trial of cyclosporin versus colchicine and long-term open study of cyclosporin in Behcet’s disease. Lancet. 1989;1:1093–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Fujino Y, Joko S, Masuda K, et al. Cyclosporine microemulsion preconcentrate treatment of patients with Behcet’s disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1999;43:318–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Kotake S, Higashi K, Yoshikawa K, Sasamoto Y, Okamoto T, Matsuda H. Central nervous system symptoms in patients with Behcet disease receiving cyclosporine therapy. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:586–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Wolf R, Tuzun B, Tuzun Y. Dapsone: unapproved uses or indications. Clin Dermatol. 2000;18:37–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Abu-Raghif AR. Dapsone in Behcet’s disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Dermatol. 2002;29:267–79.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sfikakis PP, Theodossiadis PG, Katsiari CG, Kaklamanis P, Markomichelakis NN. Effect of infliximab on sight-threatening panuveitis in Behcet’s disease. Lancet. 2001;358:295–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Estrach C, Mpofu S, Moots RJ. Behcet’s syndrome: response to infliximab after failure of etanercept. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:1213–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Sfikakis PP. Behcet’s disease: a new target for anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61 Suppl 2:ii51–3.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Azizlerli G, Sarica R, Kose A, et al. Interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of Behcet’s disease. Dermatology. 1996;192:239–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. O’Duffy JD, Calamia K, Cohen S, et al. Interferon-alpha treatment of Behcet’s disease. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1938–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Georgiou S, Monastirli A, Pasmatzi E, Gartaganis S, Goerz G, Tsambaos D. Efficacy and safety of systemic recombinant interferon-alpha in Behcet’s disease. J Intern Med. 1998;243:367–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Demiroglu H. Behcet’s disease and interferon: flaws in research integrity of randomized trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1351–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Demiroglu H, Ozcebe OI, Barista I, Dundar S, Eldem B. Interferon alfa-2b, colchicine, and benzathine penicillin versus colchicine and benzathine penicillin in Behcet’s disease: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:605–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Hirohata S, Suda H, Hashimoto T. Low-dose weekly methotrexate for progressive neuropsychiatric manifestations in Behcet’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1998;159:181–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Jorizzo JL, White WL, Wise CM, Zanolli MD, Sherertz EF. Low-dose weekly methotrexate for unusual neutrophilic vascular reactions: cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and Behcet’s disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:973–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Adler YD, Mansmann U, Zouboulis CC. Mycophenolate mofetil is ineffective in the treatment of mucocutaneous Adamantiades-Behcet’s disease. Dermatology. 2001;203:322–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Chan TM, Li FK, Tang CS, et al. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Hong Kong-Guangzhou Nephrology Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1156–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Calguneri M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I, Benekli M, Karaarslan Y, Celik I. The effect of prophylactic penicillin treatment on the course of arthritis episodes in patients with Behcet’s disease. A randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:2062–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Calguneri M, Ertenli I, Kiraz S, Erman M, Celik I. Effect of prophylactic benzathine penicillin on mucocutaneous symptoms of Behcet’s disease. Dermatology. 1996;192:125–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Windmeier C, Gressner AM. Pharmacological aspects of pentoxifylline with emphasis on its inhibitory actions on hepatic fibrogenesis. Gen Pharmacol. 1997;29:181–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Gan XH, Robin JP, Huerta JM, Braquet P, Bonavida B. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) secretion but not IL-6 from activated human peripheral blood monocytes by a new synthetic demethylpodophyllotoxin derivative. J Clin Immunol. 1994;14:280–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Lazarczyk M, Grzela T, Korczak-Kowalska G, et al. Pentoxifylline inhibits perforin-dependent natural cytotoxicity in vitro. Oncol Rep. 2002;9:423–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Kilmartin DJ, Forrester JV, Dick AD. Tacrolimus (FK506) in failed cyclosporin A therapy in endogenous posterior uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1998;6:101–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Revuz J, Guillaume JC, Janier M, et al. Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:923–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Hamuryudan V, Mat C, Saip S, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of the mucocutaneous lesions of the Behcet syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:443–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Powell RJ. New roles for thalidomide. BMJ. 1996;313:377–8.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Zonana-Nacach A, Camargo-Coronel A, Yanez P, Sanchez L, Jimenez-Balderas FJ, Fraga A. Infections in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. Lupus. 2001;10:505–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Sibbitt Jr WL, Sibbitt RR, Griffey RH, Eckel C, Bankhurst AD. Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging in the evaluation of acute neuropsychiatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1989;48:1014–22.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Baughman RP, Lower EE, du Bois RM. Sarcoidosis. Lancet. 2003;361:1111–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Rybicki BA, Iannuzzi MC, Frederick MM, et al. Familial aggregation of sarcoidosis. A case-control etiologic study of sarcoidosis (ACCESS). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:2085–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Semenzato G, Adami F, Maschio N, Agostini C. Immune mechanisms in interstitial lung diseases. Allergy. 2000;55:1103–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Williams GT, Williams WJ. Granulomatous inflammation–a review. J Clin Pathol. 1983;36:723–33.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Bouley DM, Ghori N, Mercer KL, Falkow S, Ramakrishnan L. Dynamic nature of host-pathogen interactions in Mycobacterium marinum granulomas. Infect Immun. 2001;69:7820–31.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Russell DG, Cardona PJ, Kim MJ, Allain S, Altare F. Foamy macrophages and the progression of the human tuberculosis granuloma. Nat Immunol. 2009;10:943–8.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Helming L, Gordon S. The molecular basis of macrophage fusion. Immunobiology. 2007;212:785–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Hunter RL. On the pathogenesis of post primary tuberculosis: the role of bronchial obstruction in the pathogenesis of cavities. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2011;91 Suppl 1:S6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Agostini C, Trentin L, Perin A, et al. Regulation of alveolar macrophage-T cell interactions during Th1-type sarcoid inflammatory process. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:L240–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Agostini C, Cabrelle A, Calabrese F, et al. Role for CXCR6 and its ligand CXCL16 in the pathogenesis of T-cell alveolitis in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:1290–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Vasakova M, Sterclova M, Kolesar L, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellular characteristics, functional parameters and cytokine and chemokine levels in interstitial lung diseases. Scand J Immunol. 2009;69:268–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Facco M, Baesso I, Miorin M, et al. Expression and role of CCR6/CCL20 chemokine axis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;82:946–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Facco M, Cabrelle A, Teramo A, et al. Sarcoidosis is a Th1/Th17 multisystem disorder. Thorax. 2011;66:144–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Romagnani S, Maggi E, Liotta F, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Properties and origin of human Th17 cells. Mol Immunol. 2009;47:3–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Kleinschek MA, Boniface K, Sadekova S, et al. Circulating and gut-resident human Th17 cells express CD161 and promote intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med. 2009;206:525–34.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Tesmer LA, Lundy SK, Sarkar S, Fox DA. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:87–113.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Lindsay JR, Perlman HB. Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1951;60:549–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. James DG. A comparison of Blau’s syndrome and sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis. 1994;11:100–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. James DG. Upper respiratory tract. In: James DG, editor. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1994. p. 417–21.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Spiteri MA, Matthey F, Gordon T, Carstairs LS, James DG. Lupus pernio: a clinico-radiological study of thirty-five cases. Br J Dermatol. 1985;112:315–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Baughman RP, Judson MA, Teirstein AS, Moller DR, Lower EE. Thalidomide for chronic sarcoidosis. Chest. 2002;122:227–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Coup AJ, Hopper IP. Granulomatous lesions in nasal biopsies. Histopathology. 1980;4:293–308.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Krespi YP, Kuriloff DB, Aner M. Sarcoidosis of the sinonasal tract: a new staging system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;112:221–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. DeShazo RD, O’Brien MM, Justice WK, Pitcock J. Diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis of the sinuses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:789–95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Reed J, deShazo RD, Houle TT, Stringer S, Wright L, Moak 3rd JS. Clinical features of sarcoid rhinosinusitis. Am J Med. 2010;123(9):856–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Braun JJ, Gentine A, Pauli G. Sinonasal sarcoidosis: review and report of fifteen cases. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:1960–3.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Sharma OP. Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract. Selected cases emphasizing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2002;19:227–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Fazzi P. Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Med. 2003;2:311–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Zabel P, Entzian P, Dalhoff K, Schlaak M. Pentoxifylline in treatment of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1665–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Milman N, Graudal N, Loft A, Mortensen J, Larsen J, Baslund B. Effect of the TNF-alpha inhibitor adalimumab in patients with recalcitrant sarcoidosis: a prospective observational study using FDG-PET. Clin Respir J. 2012;6:238–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Judson MA, Silvestri J, Hartung C, Byars T, Cox CE. The effect of thalidomide on corticosteroid-dependent pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2006;23:51–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Saleh S, Ghodsian S, Yakimova V, Henderson J, Sharma OP. Effectiveness of infliximab in treating selected patients with sarcoidosis. Respir Med. 2006;100:2053–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Belkhou A, Younsi R, El Bouchti I, El Hassani S. Rituximab as a treatment alternative in sarcoidosis. Joint Bone Spine. 2008;75:511–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Sharma OP. Effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating selected patients with sarcoidosis with neurological involvement. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:1248–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Miloslavsky E. 66-year-old man with visual loss, headache, hematuria, chronic sinusitis. Rheumatologist. 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary A. Incaudo MD, FAAAAI, FACAAI .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Naguwa, S.M., Chang, C.C., Incaudo, G.A. (2014). Autoimmunity and Sinus Disease. In: Chang, C., Incaudo, G., Gershwin, M. (eds) Diseases of the Sinuses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0265-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0265-1_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0264-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0265-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics