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Connecting the Nucleus to the Cytoskeleton for Nuclear Positioning and Cell Migration

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Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 773))

Abstract

The position of the nucleus in the cytoplasm is a highly regulated process and is required for multiple cellular and developmental processes. Defects on different nuclear positioning events are associated with several pathologies such as muscle and nervous system disorders. In this chapter we describe the current knowledge on the mechanism of nuclear positioning. We discuss how the nucleus connects to the cytoskeleton by nesprins and SUN proteins, how this connection is regulated by Samp1, and how this connection is required for proper nuclear positioning. Furthermore, we discuss how nesprins, SUN, and Samp1 form transmembrane actin-associated nuclear (TAN) lines, novel nuclear envelope structures involved in force transduction during nuclear movement. Finally, we describe the recent evidences suggesting a role for the connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton in cancer.

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Abbreviations

CHIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

INM:

Inner nuclear membrane

LINC:

LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

MTOC:

Microtubule organizing center

MAS:

MTOC attachment site

MRCK:

Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42 binding protein

N2G:

Nesprin-2 giant

refilin:

REgulator of FILamin proteIN

SPB:

Spindle pole body

TAN lines:

Transmembrane Actin-associated Nuclear lines

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM UMR S 787-Groupe Myologie, Faculté de Médecine - Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 105 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634, Paris, Cedex 13, France

    Daniel S. Osorio & Edgar R. Gomes

  2. PhD Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Daniel S. Osorio

  3. Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France

    Edgar R. Gomes

Authors
  1. Daniel S. Osorio
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  2. Edgar R. Gomes
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Daniel S. Osorio or Edgar R. Gomes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Edinburgh Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    Eric C. Schirmer

  2. University of Edinburgh Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    Jose I. de las Heras

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Osorio, D.S., Gomes, E.R. (2014). Connecting the Nucleus to the Cytoskeleton for Nuclear Positioning and Cell Migration. In: Schirmer, E., de las Heras, J. (eds) Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 773. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_23

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