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Core Concepts in Dialysis and Continuous Therapies pp 257–268Cite as

High Cut Off Hemodialysis

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Abstract

High cut off hemodialysis (HCO-HD) uses a dialyzer membrane that provides significant clearance of molecules up to a molecular weight (MW) of albumin (65 kDa) from blood. The characteristics of the dialyzer are distinct from high-flux HD (HF-HD) and protein-permeable HD (PP-HD), which remove molecules up to a MW of 20 and 25 kDa, respectively. The clinical rationale for HCO-HD is to improve patient outcomes by removing molecules that contribute to a high mortality risk in patients who require dialysis for distinct clinical indications.

The dialyzer was initially developed for use in sepsis syndrome, targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It was subsequently repurposed for removal of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) in multiple myeloma. Short pilot studies have also been done in patients receiving chronic HD, targeting molecules associated with chronic inflammation.

Several thousand dialysis sessions with HCO-HD have been carried out till date, the large majority of these in patients with multiple myelom (MM). Pilot studies have reported better renal recovery rates than those historically reported for MM and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite high albumin loss, HCO-HD appears well tolerated by patients with MM, and two randomized controlled trials of HCO-HD in MM are now in process. The high albumin loss, however, precludes use of HCO-HD in larger (phase II/III) clinical trials utilizing a chronic HD prescription. This limitation may lead to the development of dialysis membranes with a sharper MW cut off, maintaining high clearance of middle molecules but with less albumin loss than HCO-HD.

Keywords

  • High cut off hemodialysis
  • Molecular weight cut off
  • Sepsis syndrome
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Multiple myeloma
  • End-stage kidney disease
  • Albumin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, B15 2WB, Birmingham, UK

    Prof. Paul Cockwell MBBCh, MRCP, FRCP, PhD

  2. Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, C15 2EB, Birmingham, UK

    Dr. Clara J. Day MBBCh, PhD, MRCP, FRCP

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  1. Dr. Clara J. Day MBBCh, PhD, MRCP, FRCP
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Correspondence to Paul Cockwell MBBCh, MRCP, FRCP, PhD .

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  1. Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Colm C. Magee

  2. Department of Medicine/Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, BOSTON, Massachusetts, USA

    J. Kevin Tucker

  3. Global and Continuing Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Ajay K. Singh

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Day, C., Cockwell, P. (2016). High Cut Off Hemodialysis. In: Magee, C., Tucker, J., Singh, A. (eds) Core Concepts in Dialysis and Continuous Therapies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7657-4_21

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