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Aging and Post-Traumatic Arthritis

  • Chapter
Post-Traumatic Arthritis

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Abstract

Age is an important risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) including post-traumatic OA. Joint injuries, such as meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears, lead to a more rapid onset of OA when they occur in older as compared to younger adults. This is likely due to age-related changes in the cells and matrix that make up joint tissues. Although the majority of studies have focused on aging of the articular cartilage, there is mounting evidence that changes in other joint tissues, including the meniscus and ligaments, also play a role. These changes include loss of cellularity, cell senescence, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and other cell and matrix changes that alter the biomechanical properties of the tissue and the ability of the resident cells to repair damage. A chronic low-grade proinflammatory state seen with aging, as well as systemic aging changes including sarcopenia and increased fat mass, may also promote the development of post-traumatic OA in older adults. Animal models of post-traumatic OA also exhibit age-related changes that will be useful in deciphering mechanisms that are difficult to study in humans given the long period of time over which OA develops.

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Abbreviations

ACL:

Anterior cruciate ligament

ADAMTS:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end products

CHOP:

C/EBP homologous protein

DMM:

Destabilized medial meniscus

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

IL:

Interleukin

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

OA:

Osteoarthritis

PTOA:

Post-traumatic OA

RAGEs:

Receptor for advanced glycation end products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SASP:

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype

SZP:

Superficial zone protein

UPR:

Unfolded protein response

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA

    Richard F. Loeser M.D.

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    Cristin M. Ferguson M.D.

  3. Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM 161, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Martin K. Lotz M.D.

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  1. Richard F. Loeser M.D.
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  2. Cristin M. Ferguson M.D.
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  3. Martin K. Lotz M.D.
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Correspondence to Richard F. Loeser M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Steven A. Olson, MD

  2. Laszlo Ormandy Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Farshid Guilak, PhD

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Loeser, R.F., Ferguson, C.M., Lotz, M.K. (2015). Aging and Post-Traumatic Arthritis. In: Olson, MD, S., Guilak, PhD, F. (eds) Post-Traumatic Arthritis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7606-2_14

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