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fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions pp 769–791Cite as

High-Resolution fMRI

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Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 30))

Abstract

High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is motivated by the desire to understand how the brain is organized and functions at the most fundamental levels. To date, there have been several submillimeter applications of fMRI which have been successful in mapping out columnar organizations as well as measuring depth-dependent information, reflective of neuronal processing and interactions across cortical layers. The usefulness and efficiency of high-resolution fMRI depends on a variety of different factors. Among these factors is the ability to acquire higher-resolution images over a sufficiently large field of view (FOV) in a reasonable acquisition time. Longer acquisition times result in an increase in the voxel point spread function and a decrease in the efficiency of the fMRI paradigm. Smaller FOVs limit the ability to obtain information and functional maps simultaneously across several cortical areas. Further, any motion in the data is difficult to correct. The sensitivity and efficiency of the high-resolution images can be improved by using localized coil arrays which provide higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the ability to accelerate the imaging. Alternative pulse sequences which affect SNR, efficiency, and functional contrast, are also integral parts of optimizing high-resolution acquisitions. Also, higher magnetic fields are paramount to obtaining sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the functional images. Ultimately, however, one of the single biggest factors in the successful acquisition of high-resolution fMRI is the ability and cooperation of human subjects to remain still and attentive over extended periods of time.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for MR Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Essa Yacoub, Noam Harel & Amir Shmuel

  2. Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Amir Shmuel

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  1. Essa Yacoub
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  2. Noam Harel
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  3. Amir Shmuel
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Correspondence to Essa Yacoub .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Kamil Uludag

  2. University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Kamil Ugurbil

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Lawrence Berliner

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Yacoub, E., Harel, N., Shmuel, A. (2015). High-Resolution fMRI. In: Uludag, K., Ugurbil, K., Berliner, L. (eds) fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 30. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_26

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