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Links Between Injury-Induced Brain Remodeling and Oncogenesis

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Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

The remarkable progress achieved in the identification of potential cellular and molecular players in neural tissue repair puts us at the edge of the development of therapeutic strategies that could effectively alleviate the consequences of CNS injuries. In face of this novel hope, it appears timely to assess the data derived from research on brain repair and on brain neoplasms. The cell rearrangements initiated by injury to nervous tissues are indeed characterized by the transient reacquisition of features usually associated with cancer cells including genomic perturbations, reentrance into the cell cycle, and aberrant cell differentiation. All these changes can be viewed as intrinsic neoplastic features of neural cells reacting to tissue injuries. The existence of common features between brain cancer cells, developing neural cells of the immature and mature brain, and/or injured nervous tissues has to be acknowledged in order to develop the most appropriate therapeutic strategies.

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Abbreviations

8-OxoG:

8-Oxoguanine

Ascl1:

Achaete–scute complex-like 1

ATM:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated

ATR:

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related

bFGF:

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)

BRAC1:

Breast cancer 1

BRCA2:

Breast cancer 2

Brn2a:

Brain-2

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

chk1:

Checkpoint kinase 1

chk2:

Checkpoint kinase 2

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNV:

Copy number variations

CSC:

Cancer stem cells

DSBs:

DNA double-strand breaks

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GSC:

Glioma stem cells

H3K27me:

Histone H3 lysine 27 methylation

H3K4me:

Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation

H3K9me:

Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation

ΗΒ-ΕGF:

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

HR:

Homologous recombination

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent cells

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

MAPK/ERK kinase

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

Myt1l:

Myelin transcription factor-like 1

NEIL1:

Endonuclease VIII-like 1

NEIL3:

Endonuclease VIII-like 3

NF1:

Neurofibromin 1

NHEJ:

Nonhomologous end-joining

NPC:

Neural progenitor cells

NSC:

Neural stem cells

OGG1:

8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase

PDGFR:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

Rb:

Retinoblastoma

RCAS-TVA:

Replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus splice acceptor-avian receptor tv-a

RTK:

Tyrosine kinase receptors

SSA:

Single-strand annealing

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

TGFα:

Transforming growth factor alpha

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Acknowledgements

The research of the authors is supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Inserm (France), INCa (Grant PLBIO2012), and the foundations ARC and La Ligue contre le cancer (Grant Equipe Ligue 2013). E. El-Habr benefited from a fellowship of Région Ile de France.

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  1. French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1130, French National Center for Scientific Research, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France

    Elias A. El-Habr & Marie-Pierre Junier

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  1. French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1130, French National Center for Scientific Research, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France

    Marie-Pierre Junier

  2. Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA

    Steven G. Kernie

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El-Habr, E.A., Junier, MP. (2014). Links Between Injury-Induced Brain Remodeling and Oncogenesis. In: Junier, MP., Kernie, S. (eds) Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7399-3_10

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