Skip to main content

The Contributions of Cingulate Cortex to Human Behavior

  • Chapter
Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus

Abstract

The functions of human cingulate cortex, like those of many limbic and neocortical regions, remain poorly defined. Localization of neurological functions is based on observations following spontaneous and surgically induced lesions, electrical stimulation, and by patterns of connections with other cortical and subcortical areas. The sum of this data is often an approximate outline, not a faithful portrait. Cingulate cortex is, however, a relatively privileged site by neurological standards, since it has been the subject of extensive studies with elective surgical resections and electrical stimulation procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aggleton JP, Mishkin M (1983): Memory impairments following restricted medial thalamic lesions in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 52: 199–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Aggleton JP, Mishkin M (1985): Mamillary-body lesions and visual recognition in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 58: 190–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitken PG (1981): Corical control of conditioned and spontaneous vocal behavior in rhesus monkeys. Brain Lang 13: 171–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Amyes EW, Nielsen JM (1953): Bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus lesions. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc 18: 48–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachevalier J, Saunders RC, Mishkin M (1985): Visual recognition in monkeys: Effects of transection of the fornix. Exp Brain Res 57: 547–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey HR, Dowling JL, Davies E (1975): Cingulotomy and related procedures for severe depressive illness. In: Neurosurgical Treatment in Psychiatry, Pain and Epilepsy, Sweet WH, Obrador S, Martin-Rodriguez JG, eds. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, pp 229–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker EFW (1962): Gilles de la Tourette syndrome treated by bimedial frontal leucotomy. Can Med Assoc J 86: 746–747

    Google Scholar 

  • Baleydier C, Mauguière F (1980): The duality of the cingulate gyrus in monkey: Neuroanatomical study and functional hypothesis. Brain 103: 525–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballantine HT, Bouckoms AJ, Thomas EK, Giriunas IE (1987): Treatment of psychiatric illness by stereotactic cingulotomy. Biol Psychiatry 22: 807–817

    Google Scholar 

  • Balthasar K (1957): Ăśber das anatomische Substrat der generalisierten Tic-Krankheit (maladie des tics, Gilles de la Tourette): Entwicklungshemmung des Corpus Striatum. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 195: 531–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Bancaud J, Talairach J, Geier S, Bonis A, Trottier S, Manrique M (1976): Manifestations comportementales induites par la stimulation Ă©lectrique du gyrus angulaire antĂ©rieur chez l’homme. Rev Neurol 10: 705–724

    Google Scholar 

  • Barris RW, Schuman HR (1953): Bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus lesions: Syndrome of the anterior cingulate gyri. Neurology 3: 44–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates JAV (1953): Stimulation of the medial surface of the human cerebral hemisphere after hemispherectomy. Brain 76: 405–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter LR, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE (1987): Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44: 211–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlyne N (1972): Confabulation. Br J Psychiatry 120: 31–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Brion S, Pragier C, GuĂ©rin R, Teitgen MMC (1969): Korsakoff syndrome due to bilateral softening of fornix. Rev Neurol 120: 255–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown MH, Lighthill JA (1968): Selective anterior cingulotomy: A psychosurgical evaluation. J Neurosurg 29: 513–519

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Schaeffer EA (1888): An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey’s brain. Philos Trans R Soc London 179: 303–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Brust JCM, Plank C, Burke A, Guobadia MMI, Healton EB (1982): Language disorder in a right-hander after occlusion of the right anterior cerebral artery. Neurology 32: 492–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Buge A, Escourolle R, Rancurel G, Poisson M (1975): Mutism akinĂ©tique et ramolissement bicingulaire. Rev Neurol 131: 121–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler IJ, Koslow SH, Seifert WE, Caprioli RM, Singer HS (1979): Biogenic amine metabolism in Tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol 6: 37–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Butters N, Stuss DT (1989): Diencephalic amnesia. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Boiler F, Grafman J, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Vol 3, pp 107–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns H, Mosberg WH (1951): Colloid cyst of the third ventricle. Surg Gynecol Obstet 92: 545–570

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns H, Mosberg WH Jr (1941): Akinetic mutism with an epidermoid cyst of the third ventricle. Brain 64: 273–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr AC (1982): Memory deficit after fornix section. Neuropsychologia 20: 95–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase TN, Geoffrey V, Gillespie M, Burrows GH (1988): Etudes structurale et fonctionelle du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Rev Neurol 142: 851–855

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen DJ, Nathanson JA, Young JG, Shaywitz BA (1979a): Clonidine in Tourette syndrome. Lancet 2: 551–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA, Caparulo B, Young JG, Bowers MB Jr (1978): Chronic multiple tics of Gilles de la Tourette’s disease: CSF monoamine metabolites after probenicid administration. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35: 245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA, Young JG, Carboni CM, Nathanson JA, Licherman D, Bowers MB Jr, Maas JW (1979b): Central biogenic amine metabolism in children with the syndrome of chronic multiple tics of Gilles de la Tourette. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 18: 320–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen RM, Semple WE, Gross M, Holcomb HJ, Dowling SM, Nordahl TE (1988): Functional localization of sustained attention. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1: 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Corkin S, Twitchell TE, Sullivan EV (1977): Safety and efficacy of cingulotomy for pain and psychiatric disorders. In: Modern Concepts in Psychiatric Surgery, Hitchcock ER, Ballantine HT, Meyerson BA, eds. New York: Elsevier, pp 253–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Coslett HB, Heilman KM (1984): Hemihypokinesia following right hemisphere stroke. Neurology 34(Suppl 1): 190

    Google Scholar 

  • Crandall PH (1973): Developments in direct recordings from epileptogenic regions in the surgical treatment of partial epilepsies. In: Epilepsy: Its Phenomena in Man, Brazier MAB, ed. New York: Academic Press, pp 287–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Cravioto H, Silberman J, Feigin I (1960): A clinical and pathologic study of akinetic mutism. Neurology 10: 10–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings JL, Frankel M (1985): Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and the neurological basis of obsessions and compulsions. Biol Psychiatry 30: 1117–1126

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR, Damasio H, Chui HC (1980): Neglect following damage to the frontal lobe or basal ganglia. Neuropsychologia 18: 123–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR, Eslinger PJ, Damasio H, Van Hoesen GW, Cornell S (1985a): Multimodal amnesic syndrome following bilateral temporal and basal forebrain damage. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 42: 252–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR, Graff-Radford NR, Eslinger PJ, Damasio H, Kassell N (1985b): Amnesia following basal forebrain lesions. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 42: 263–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR, Van Hoesen GW (1983): Emotional disturbances associated with focal lesions of the limbic frontal lobe. In: Neuropsychology of Human Emotion, Heilman KM, Satz P, eds. New York: Guilford Press, pp 85–110

    Google Scholar 

  • De Devitiis E, Errico A, Cerillo A (1977): Stereotactic surgery in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Acta Neurochir Suppl 24: 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Deecke L, Kornhuber HH (1978): An electrical sign of participation of the mesial “supplementary” motor area in human voluntary finger movement. Brain Res 159: 473–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Delay J, Brion S (1969): Le Syndrome de Korsakoff. Paris: Masson, pp 53–63

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLong MR, Georgopoulos AP (1981): Motor functions of the basal ganglia. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sect1, Vol 2, Part 2, Brookhart JM, Mountcastle VB, eds. Bethesda, MD: Am Physiol Soc, pp 1017–1061

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuel RK, Collins RC (1984): The functional anatomy of frontal lobe neglect in the monkey: Behavioral and quantitative 2-deoxyglucose studies. Ann Neurol 15: 521–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O (1983): Neuroanatomy of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome: Possible midbrain involvement. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 40: 508–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O, Geller B (1992): Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. In: Disorders of Movement in Neurology and Psychiatry, Joseph A, Young R, eds. Oxford: Blackwell pp 471–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O, Lemann W, Evans AC, Moeller JR, Rottenberg DA (1987): Akinetic mutism in a bone marrow transplant recipient following total-body irradiation and amphotericin B chemoprophylaxis: A positron emission tomographic and neuropathologic study. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 44: 414–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewulf A, van Bogaert L (1941): Etudes anatomoclinique de syndromes hypercinĂ©tiques complexes: III. Une oberservation anatomoclinique de maladie des tics (Gilles de la Tourette). Monatsschr Psychiatr Neurol 104: 53–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Dott NM (1938): Surgical aspects of the hypothalamus. In: The Hypothalamus, Le G. Clark WE, Beattie J, Riddoch G, Dott NM, eds. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, pp 131–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Duyckaerts C, Derouesne C, Signoret JL, Gray F, Escourolle R, Castaigne G (1985): Bilateral and limited amygdalohippocampal lesions causing a pure amnesic syndrome. Ann Neurol 18: 314–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldridge R, Sweet R, Lake CR, Ziegler M, Shapiro AK (1977): Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Clinical, genetic, psychological, and biochemical aspects in 21 selected families. Neurology 27: 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot FA (1969): The corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, septum pellucidum, spetal area and fornix. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp 758–775

    Google Scholar 

  • Escobedo F, Fernandez-Guardiola A, Solis G (1973): Chronic stimulation of the cingulum in humans with behavioral disorders. In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry, Laitinen LV, Livingston KE, eds. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, pp 65–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Ethelberg S (1950): Symptomatic “cataplexy” or chalastic fits in cortical lesion of the frontal lobe. Brain 73: 499–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris AA (1969): Limbic system infarction. Neurology 19: 91–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher CM (1983): Abulia minor vs agitated behavior. Clin Neurosurg 31: 9–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Foltz EL, White LE (1962): Pain “relief” by frontal cingulotomy. J Neurosurg 19: 89–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Frazier CH (1936): Tumor involving the frontal lobe alone: A symptomatic study of 105 verified cases. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 35: 525–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel M, Sparenborg S, Kubota Y (1989): Anterior and medial thalamic lesions, discriminative avoidance learning, and cingulate cortical neuronal activity in rabbits. Exp Brain Res 76: 441–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaffan D (1977): Monkey’s recognition memory for complex pictures and the effect of the fornix transection. Q J Exp Psychol 29: 505–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Garber HJ, Ananth JV, Chiu LC, Griswold VJ, Oldendorf WH (1989): Nuclear magnetic resonance study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146: 1001–1005

    Google Scholar 

  • Geier S, Bancaud J, Talairach J, Bonis A, Szikla G, Enjelvin M (1977): The seizures of frontal lobe epilepsy. A study of clinical manifestations. Neurology 27: 951–958

    Google Scholar 

  • Glees P, Cole J, Whitty CWM, Cairns H (1950): The effects of lesions in the cingular gyrus and adjacent areas in monkeys. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 13: 178–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloor P, Olivier A, Quesney LF, Andermann F, Horowitz S (1982): The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 12: 129–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg G, Wimmer A, Maly J (1983): Amnestic syndrome with a unilateral thalamic lesion: A case report. J Neurol 229: 79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman-Rakic PS (1988): Topography of cognition: Parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 11: 137–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez JA, Mettler JA (1962): Effect of bilateral anterior cingulate damage in cats. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 25: 387–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez ER (1980): Medical News: Treating the brain by cingulotomy. JAMA, J Am Med Assoc 244: 2141–2147

    Google Scholar 

  • Graff-Radford NR, Damasio H, Yamada T, Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR (1985): Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: Clinical, neuropsychological and electrophysiological findings in four anatomical groups defined by computerized tomography. Brain 108: 485–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Graff-Radford NR, Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR, Yamada T (1984): Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: Behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlates. Neurology 34: 14–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Grafman J, Salazar AM, Weingartner H, Vance SC, Ludlow C (1985): Isolated impairment of memory following a penetrating lesion of the fornix cerebri. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 42: 1162–1168

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman M, Crino PB, Reivich M, Stern MB, Hurtig HI (1992): Attention and sentence processing deficits in Parkinson’s disease: The role of anterior cingulate cortex. Cereb Cortex 2: 513–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber SN, Kowall NW, Vonsattel JP, Bird ED, Richardson EP (1986): Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome: A postmortem neuropathological and immunohistochemical study. J Neurol Sci 75: 2225–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Halgren E, Walter RD, Cherlow DG, Crandall PH (1978): Mental phenomena evoked by electrical stimulation of the human hippocampal formation and amygdala. Brain 101: 83–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassler R, Kieckmann G (1970): Traitement stĂ©rĂ©otxique des tics et cris inarticules ou copralalique considĂ©rĂ©s comme phĂ©nomène d’obsession motrice au cours de la maladies de Gilles de la Tourette. Rev Neurol 123: 89–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilman KM, Sypert GW (1977): Korsakoffs syndrome resulting from bilateral fornix lesions. Neurology 27: 490–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilman KM, Valenstein E (1972): Frontal lobe neglect in man. Neurology 22: 660–664

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilman KM, Watson RT, Valenstein E (1985): Neglect and related disorders. In: Clinical Neuropsychology, Heilman KM, Valenstein E, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed, pp 243–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes EJ, Jacobson S, Stein BM, Butters N (1983): Ablations of the mammillary nuclei in monkeys: Effects on post-operative memory. Exp Neurol 81: 97–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsley V, Schaeffer EA (1888): A record of experiments upon the functions of the cerebral cortex. Philos Trans R Soc London 179B: 1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson JH (1881): Remarks on dissolution of the nervous system as exemplified by certain postepileptic conditions. Med Press Circ 1: 329–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimeno AL, Paniagua JL (1969): The cingulate gyrus and aggressiveness. Actas Luso-Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines 28: 289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones EG (1985): The Thalamus. New York: Plenum

    Google Scholar 

  • JĂĽrgens U, Ploog D (1970): Cerebral representation of vocalization in the squirrel monkey. Exp Brain Res 10: 532–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapur N, Coughlan AK (1980): Confabulation and frontal lobe dysfunction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43: 461–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner CH, Jolley RR, Holgate RC, Austin L, Lydiard RB, Laraia M, Ballenger JC (1991): Brain MRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Res 36: 45–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemper TL, Romanul FCA (1967): State resembling akinetic mutism in basilar artery occlusion. Neurology 17: 74–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard MA (1955): The cingulate gyrus in relation to consciousness. J Nerv Ment Dis 121: 34–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurlan R, Behr J, Medved L, Como P (1988): Transient tic disorder and the spectrum of Tourette’s syndrome. Arch Neurol 45: 1200–1201

    Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen LV (1988): Psychosurgery today. Acta Neurochir 44(Suppl): 158–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen LV, Vilkki J (1973): Observations on the transcallosal emotional connections. In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry, Laitinen LV, Livingston KE, eds. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, pp 74–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakke JPWF, Wilmink JT (1985): A case of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome with midbrain involvement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48: 1293–1296

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplane D, Degos JD, Baulac M, Gray F (1981): Bilateral infarction of the anterior cingulate gyri and or the fornices. J Neurol Sci 51: 289–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplane D, Talairach J, Meininger V, Bancaud J, Orgogozo JM (1977): Clinical consequences of corticectomies involving the supplementary motor area in man. J Neurol Sci 34: 301–314

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBeau J (1954): Anterior cingulectomy in man. J Neurosurg 11: 268–276

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBeau J, Pecker J (1950): Etudes de certainesformes d’agitation psycho-motrice au cours de l’épilepsie et de l’arriĂ©ration mentale, traitĂ©es par la topectomie pericalleuse antĂ©rieure bilatĂ©rale. Sem Hop 26: 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin B, Ducho wny M (1991): Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder and cingulate epilepsy. Biol Psychiatry 30: 1049–1055

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin W, Whitty CWM (1960): Effects of anterior cingulate stimulation in conscious human subjects. J Neurophysiol 23: 445–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Lhermitte F, Signoret JL (1976): The amnesic syndromes and the hippocampal-mammillary system. In: Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory, Rosenzwerg MR, Bennett EL, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp 49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Long CJ, Pueschel K, Hunter SE (1978): Assessment of the effects of cingulate gyrus lesions by neuropsychological techniques. J Neurosurg 49: 264–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair WGP, Warrington EK, Weiskrantz L (1979): Memory disorder in Korsakoff’s psychosis. A neuropathological and neuropsychological investigation of two cases. Brain 102: 749–783

    Google Scholar 

  • Masdeu, JC, Schoene WC, Funkenstein HH (1978): Aphasia following infarction of the left supplementary motor area. Neurology 28: 1220–1223

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazars G (1970): Criteria for identifying cingulate epilepsies. Epilepsia 11: 41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • McEntee WJ, Biber MP, Perl DP, Benson DF (1976): Diencephalic amnesia: A reappraisal. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 39: 436–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Meador KJ, Watson RT, Bowers D, Heilman KM (1986): Hypometria with hemispatial and limb motor neglect. Brain 109: 293–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehler MF (1989): The rostral basalar artery syndrome. Neurology 39: 9–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer B, Wapner W, Gardner H, Benson DF (1977): A study of confabulation. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 34: 429–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Mettler FA (1949): Anatomy and physiology. In: Selective Partial Ablation of the Frontal Cortex, Mettler FA, ed. New York: Hoeber, pp 477–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer G, McElhaney M, Martin W, McGraw CP (1973): Stereotactic cingulotomy with results of acute stimulation and serial psychological testing. In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry, Laitinen LV, Livingston KE, eds. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, pp 39–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers RE (1975): Neurology of social behavior and affect in primates: A study of prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex. In: Cerebral Localization, Sulch KJ, Creutzfeldt O, Galbraith GC, eds. Berlin: Springer, pp 161–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Milner B (1959): Discussion of “Loss of recent memory following section of the fornix.” Trans Am Neurol Assoc 84: 78–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishkin M (1982): A memory system in the monkey. Philos Trans R Soc London, Ser B 298: 83–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldofsky H, Tullis, Lamon R (1974): Multiple tic syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 15: 282–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris HH, Dinner DS, Luders H, Wyllie E, Kramer R (1988): Supplementary motor seizures: Clinical and electroencephalographic findings. Neurology 38: 1075–1082

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss M, Mahut H, Zola-Morgan SM (1981): Concurrent discrimination learning of monkeys after hippocampal, entorhinal or fornix lesions. J Neurosci 1: 227–240

    Google Scholar 

  • MĂĽller-Preus P, JĂĽrgens U (1976): Projections from the “cingular” vocalization area in the squirrel monkey. Brain Res 103: 29–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta HJW (1986a): Circuitous connections linking cerebral cortex, limbic system, and corpus striatum. In: The Limbic System: Functional Organization and Clinical Disorders, Doane BK, Livingston KE, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp 43–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta HJW (1986b): A simplified perspective on the basal ganglia and their relation to the limbic system. In: The Limbic System: Functional Organization and Clinical Disorders, Doane BK, Livingston KE, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp 67–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Nee LE, Caine ED, Polinsky Rj, Eldridge R, Ebert MH (1980): Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Clinical and family study of 50 cases. Ann Neurol 7: 41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemeth G, Hegedus K, Molnar L (1988): Akinetic mutism associated with bicingular lesions: Clinicopathological and functional anatomical correlates. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 237: 218–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen JM, Jacobs LL (1951): Bilateral lesions of the anterior cingulate gyri. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc 16: 231–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Obeso JA, Rothwell JC, Marsden CD (1981): Simple tics in Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome are not prefaced by a normal premovement EEG potential. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44: 735–738

    Google Scholar 

  • Orem J, Schlag-Ray M, Schag J (1973): Unilateral visual neglect and thalamic intralaminar lesions in the cat. Exp Neurol 40: 784–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgogozo JM, Larsen B (1979): Activation of the supplementary motor area during voluntary movement suggests it works as a supramotor area. Science 206: 847–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Papez JW (1937): A proposed mechanism of emotion. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 38: 725–743

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raichle ME (1990): The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 256–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauls DI, Leckman FJ (1986): The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and associated behaviours. N Engl J Med 315: 993–997

    Google Scholar 

  • Pechtel C, McAvoy T, Levitt M, Kling A, Masserman HJ (1958): The cingulates and behavior. J Nerv Ment Dis 126: 148–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield W, Jasper H (1954): Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain. Boston: Little, Brown

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME (1988): Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single word processing. Nature (London) 331: 585–589

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J (1983): Demence thalamique la lacunef extensives du territoire thalamo-mesen-cĂ©phalique paramĂ©dian hydrocĂ©phalie par stenose de l’aquĂ©duc de Sylvius. Rev Neurol 139: 349–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool JL (1954): The visceral brain of man. J Neurophysiol 11: 45–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool JL, Ransohoff J (1949): Autonomic effects on stimulating rostral portion of cingulate gyri in man. J Neurophysiol 12: 385–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool KD, Devous MD, Freeman FJ, Watson BC, Finitzo T (1991): Regional cerebral blood flow in developmental stutterers. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 48: 509–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner MI, Petersen SE (1990): The attention system of the human brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 13: 25–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner MI, Petersen SE, Fox PT, Raichle ME (1988): Localization of cognitive operations in the human brain. Science 240: 1627–1631

    Google Scholar 

  • Pribram KH, Fulton JF (1954): An experimental critique of the effects of anterior cingulate ablations in monkey. Brain 77: 34–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Quesney LF (1986): Seizures of frontal lobe origin. In: Recent Advances in Epilepsy, Meldrum B, Pedley TA, eds. New York: Churchill Livingstone, Vol. 3, pp 81–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajna P, Kundra O, Halasz P (1983): Vigilance level-dependent tonic seizures-epilepsy or sleep disorder? A case report. Epilepsia 24: 725–733

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralston BL (1961): Cingulate epilepsy and secondary bilateral synchrony. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 13: 591–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson M, Doran M, Trimble M, Lees AJ (1990): The treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome by limbic leucotomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53: 691–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson RT, Kaitz SS (1981): Thalamic connections with limbic cortex. I. Thalamocortical projections. J Comp Neurol 195: 501–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson BW (1967): Vocalization evoked from forebrain stimulation in Macaca mulatto. Physiol Behav 2: 345–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Roland P, Larson B, Lassen N, Skinhoj E (1980): Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. J Neurophysiol 43: 118–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosene DL, Van Hoesen GW (1977): Hippocampal efferents reach widespread areas of cerebral cortex and amygdala in the rhesus monkey. Science 198: 315–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross ED, Stewart RM (1981): Akinetic mutism from hypothalamic damage: Successful treatment with dopamine agonists. Neurology 31: 1435–1439

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubens AB, Kertesz A (1983): The localization of lesions in transcortical aphasias. In: Localization in Neuropsychology, Kertesz A, ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp 245–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Hilaire JM, Neilleux F, Giard M, Bernier G, Rouleau O, Bouvier G, Mercier M, Turmel A (1988): Frontal lobe epileptic manifestations studied with depth electrodes. Epilepsia 29(2): 207–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandyk R, Iacono RP, Bamford CR (1987): The hypothalamus in Tourette’s syndrome. Int J Neurosci 35: 99–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos JL, Arias LM, Barolat G, Schwartzman RJ, Grossman K (1990): Bilateral cingulotomy in the treatment of refelx sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 41: 55–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoville WB (1949): Selective cortical undercutting as a means of modifying and studying frontal lobe function in man. Preliminary report of forty-three operative cases. J Neurosurg 6: 65–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoville WB, Milner B (1957): Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 20: 11–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Seignot MJN (1961): Un cas de maladie des tics de Gilles de la Tourette syndrome guĂ©ri par le R-1625. Ann Med Psychol 119: 578–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro AK, Shapiro ES, Brunn RD, Sweet RD (1978): Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. New York: Raven Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Shima K, Aya K, Mushiake H, Inase M, Aizawa H, Tanji J (1991): Two movement-related foci in the primate cingulate cortex observed in signal-triggered and self-paced forelimb movements. J Neurophysiol 65: 188–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer HS, Butler IJ, Tune LE, Seifert WE, Coyle JT (1982): Dopaminergic dysfunction in Tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol 12: 361–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Skultety FM (1968): Clinical and experimental aspects of akinetic mutism. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 19: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith ML (1989): Memory disorders associated with temporal-lobe lesions. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Boller F, Grafman J, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Vol 3, pp 91–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith WK (1941): Vocalization and other responses elicited by excitation of the regio angularis in the monkey. Am J Physiol 133: 451–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith WK (1944): The results of ablation of the cingular region of the cerebral cortex. Fed Proc 3: 42–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen KE (1980): Ipsilateral projection from the subiculum to the retrosplenial cortex in the guinea pig. J Comp Neurol 193: 893–911

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer SS, Spencer DD, Williamson PD, Mattson RH (1983): Sexual automatisms in complex partial seizures. Neurology 33: 527–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire LR, Moore RY (1979): Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of chronic memory dysfunction. Ann Neurol 6: 503–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoffels C, Munari C, Bossi L, Brunie-Lozano E, Bonis A, Bancaud J, Talairach J (1981): Seizures of the anterior cingular gyrus in man: A stereo-EEG study. In: Epilepsy, Int Symp, Kyoto, Darn M, Gram L, Penry JK, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp 85–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoffels C, Munari C, Brunie-Lozano E, Bonis A, Bancaud J, Talairach J (1980): Manifestations automatiques dans les crises epileptiques partielles complexes d’origine frontale. Prog Epilettol, Bull Lega Italia, Epilettol 29–30: 111–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton D, Larson C, Lindeman RC (1974): Neocortical and limbic lesion effects on primate phonation. Brain Res 71: 61–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet RD, Bruun RD, Shapiro AK, et al. (1976): Pharmacology of Tourette syndrome. In: Clinical Neuropharmacol, Klawans HL, ed. New York: Raven Press, Vol 1, pp 81–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet WH, Talland GA, Ervin FR (1959): Loss of recent memory following section of fornix. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 84: 76–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Talairach J, Bancaud J, Geier S, Bordas-Ferrer M, Bonis A, Szikla G, Rusu M (1973): The cingulate gyrus and human behavior. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 34: 45–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Tharp BR (1972): Orbital frontal seizures. An unique electroencephalographic and clinical syndrome. Epilepsia 13: 627–641

    Google Scholar 

  • Tow PM, Whitty CWM (1953): Personality changes after operations of the cingulate gyrus in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 16: 186–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukel K, Jasper H (1952): The electroencephalogram in parasaggital lesions. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 4: 481–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Ungerstedt U (1971): Stereotaxic mapping of the monamine pathways in the rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 367: 1–48

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1977): Report and Recommendations: Psychosurgery, Pub (OS)77–0001. Washington, DC: The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaccarino AL, Melzack R (1989): Analgesia produced by injection of lidocaine into the anterior cingulum bundle of the rat. Pain 39: 213–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Valenstein E, Bowers D, Verfaellie M, Heilman KM, Day A, Watson RT (1987): Retrosplenial amnesia. Brain 110: 1631–1646

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Buren JM, Fedio P (1976): Functional representation on the medial aspect of the frontal lobe in man. J Neurosurg 44: 275–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Verfaellie M, Heilman KM (1987): Response preparation and response inhibition after lesions of the medial frontal lobe. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 44: 1265–1271

    Google Scholar 

  • Victor M, Adams RD, Collins GH (1989): The Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and Related Neurologic Disorders Due to Alcoholism and Malnutrition. Philadelphia: Davis

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt BA, Miller MW (1983): Cortical connections between rat cingulate cortex and visual, motor and postsubicular cortices. J Comp Neurol 216: 192–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt BA, Pandya DN (1987): Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: II. Cortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 262: 271–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt BA, Pandya DN, Rosene DL (1987): Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents. J Comp Neurol 262: 256–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Volpe BT, Hirst W (1983): Amnesia following rupture and repair of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 46: 704–709

    Google Scholar 

  • von Cramon DY, Hebel N, Schuri U (1985): A contribution to the anatomical basis of thalamic amnesia. Brain 108: 993–1008

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada JA (1988): Nocturnal recurrence of brief, intensely affective vocal and facial expression with powerful bimanual, bipedal, axial, and pelvic activity with rapid recovery as manifestations of mesial frontal lobe seizure. Epilepsia 29: 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward AA (1948a): The cingular gyrus: Area 24. J Neurophysiol 11: 13–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward AA (1948b): The anterior cingular gyrus and personality. Res Publ—Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 27: 438–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Warrington EK, Weiskrantz L (1982): Amnesia: A disconnection syndrome? Neuropsychologia 20: 233–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterman K, Purves SJ, Kosaka B, Strauss E, Wada JA (1987): An epileptic syndrome caused by mesial frontal lobe seizure foci. Neurology 37: 577–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson RT, Cauthen JC, King FA (1973): Neglect after cingulectomy. Neurology 23: 1003–1007

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson RT, Heilman KM (1979): Thalamic neglect. Neurology 29: 690–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson RT, Miller B, Heilman KM (1978): Non-sensory neglect. Ann Neurol 3: 505–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser HG (1983): Electroclinical Features of the Psychomotor Seizure, Stuttgart: Fischer

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitty CWM, Duffield JE, Tow PM, Cairns H (1952): Anterior cingulectomy in the treatment of mental disease. Lancet 1: 475–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams M, Pennybaker JB (1954): Memory disturbances in third ventricle tumours. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 17: 115–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson PD, Spencer DD, Spencer SS, Novelty RA, Mattson RH (1985): Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. Ann Neurol 18: 497–504

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson DH, Chang AE (1974): Bilateral anterior cingulectomy for the relief of intractable pain (report of 28 patients). Confin Neurol 36: 61–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaryura-Tobias JA, Neziroglu FA (1983): Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. New York: Dekker, p 54

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler DW, Kaufman A, Marshall HE (1977): Abrupt memory loss associated with thalamic tumor. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 34: 545–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR (1985): Amnesia in monkeys after lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Ann Neurol 17: 558–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR (1986): Memory impairment in monkeys following lesions limited to the hippocampus. Behav Neurosci 100: 155–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR, Amaral DG (1986): Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: Enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. J Neurosci 6: 2950–2967

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR, Mishkin M (1982): The neuroanatomy of amnesia: Amygdala-hippocampal versus temporal stem. Science 218: 1337–1339

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Devinsky, O., Luciano, D. (1993). The Contributions of Cingulate Cortex to Human Behavior. In: Vogt, B.A., Gabriel, M. (eds) Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6704-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6704-6_19

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-6706-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-6704-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics