Abstract
The visual systems of most invertebrate groups arise following the outgrowth of axons from photoreceptors which develop from the ectodermal epithelium independently of the nerve centers which they innervate; peripherally derived visual interneurons are exceptional. This is in contrast to vertebrates where the retina forms from an embryological outgrowth of the forebrain, with several classes of interneurons. Most studies on invertebrates are descriptive and preferentially treat eye development. Few studies are analytical and fewer treat the visual centers. Yet the topographic ordering, the small numbers of their identifiable neurons, and the many other model characteristics of invertebrate neuropils especially recommend these centers for studies in neural development and regeneration, notably the Compound eyes of arthropods and the highly developed single-lens eyes of certain molluscs. Modern studies have tended to canonize selected species (especially the flies Drosophila and Musca, and the water-flea Daphnia) to the unwarranted neglect of other equally deserving groups—cephalopods, pectinid scallops, spiders, and salps to name but a few. A comprehensive review by Meinertzhagen and Macagno is forthcoming.
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Further reading
Ali MA, ed (1984): Photoreception and Vision in Invertebrates. New York: Plenum Press, NATO ASI vol 74
Macagno ER (1984): Formation of ordered connections in the visual system of Daphnia magna. Bioscience 34: 308–312
Meinertzhagen IA, Macagno ER (1987): Development of invertebrate visual systems. In: Handbook of Physiology: Developmental Neurobiology Edwards JS, Cowan WM, eds. Washington DC: American Physiological Society, in press
Meinertzhagen, I.A. (1973): Development of the Compound eye and optic lobe of insects. In: Developmental Neurobiology of Arthropods Young D, ed. Cambridge: University Press
Westfall JA, ed (1982): Visual Cells in’Evolution. New York: Raven Press
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© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Macagno, E.R., Meinertzhagen, I.A. (1988). Visual System Development, Invertebrates. In: Sensory System I. Readings from the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience . Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6647-6_46
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6647-6_46
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-6649-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-6647-6
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