Skip to main content
  • 76 Accesses

Abstract

The next step is to make some allowance for the fact that the reflections from the earth and from the ionosphere are not specular. The case which we are now considering is a little different from that considered in chapter 7 where the rough ionospheric and earth reflections gave rise to the day-to-day wandering of the rays. We are now concerned with the “instantaneous” picture i.e. the actual spread of power at some particular time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1969 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Whale, H.A. (1969). Angular Spread of Waves. In: Effects of Ionospheric Scattering on Very-Long-Distance Radio Communication. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6545-5_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6545-5_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-6254-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-6545-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics