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Critical Phenomena in He3 and He4

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Helium-3 and Helium-4

Part of the book series: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series ((INCMS))

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Abstract

Nearly one hundred years ago, T. Andrews deduced that for every gas, there should be a “critical temperature” above which the gas cannot be liquefied no matter how much it might be compressed. Further studies revealed that the critical temperature was one coordinate of a point on the P-V-T surface where differences between the intensive properties of the liquid and of the gas disappear (the P-V-T properties near the critical point are schematically diagrammed in Fig. 7.1). Since the time of Andrews, a tremendous body of literature has accumulated on the subject of critical-point phenomena, but progress in characterizing the critical point has been difficult because this point, much like the absolute zero of temperature, is approachable but not attainable.

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  1. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    William E. Keller

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Keller, W.E. (1969). Critical Phenomena in He3 and He4 . In: Helium-3 and Helium-4. The International Cryogenics Monograph Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6485-4_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6485-4_7

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