Abstract
“Where are all the scientists?” I asked a colleague from the EPA. We were attending a conference in 1980 at an old Virginia hotel overlooking the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. The purpose of the gathering was to review the progress of the EPA’s $25 million scientific studies of the ecological condition of the Bay. I had recently assumed a new position as the manager of aquatic research within the Agency’s headquarters in Washington, and the Chesapeake Bay program was one of my responsibilities. I had expected to see mostly scientists among the 150 participants at the meeting, but we were surrounded primarily by representatives of state, county, and town governments and by environmental activists.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
—Amendment X of the U.S. Constitution
Congress and the Executive Branch have been totally paralyzed.... We simply can’t afford to wait.
—Environmental Commissioner of the State of New York
State aid: Towns will get rules, but not money, to protect the environment.
—Cape Cod Times
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End Notes
“The Maryland Initiative: Lesson for the Nation,” EPA Journal, September/October 1989, pages 29–30.
“E Pluribus, Plures,” Newsweek, November 13, 1989, page 71.
Personal communication with staff of the National Governor’s Association, September 1989.
Goals for State—Federal Action, 1989–1990, National Conference of State Legislatures, 1989.
“States Bear Growing Share of Environmental Cleanup Cost,” Chemical and Engineering News, September 11, 1990, pages 19–20.
Kean, Tom, “Dealing with Air Toxics,” Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 1986, page 22.
“ECRA Report-FY 1989,” New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 1989.
Breckstrom, Linda, “State Environmental Initiative Would Create Elected Advocate,” San Francisco Herald Examiner, October 11, 1989, pages A-3 and A-8.
For a discussion of this definition and many related runoff issues, see Thompson, Paul, Poison Runoff, A Guide to State and Local Control of Nonpoint Source Water Pollution, Natural Resource Defense Council, Washington, April 1989.
One excellent example of state efforts to minimize adverse impacts of timber operations is “Silviculture, Best Management Practices Manual,” Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry, May 1990.
O’Connor, Charles A., and Donna G. Diamond, “Current Development under Proposition 65,” unpublished manuscript provided to the American Chemical Society, June 1988.
Personal communication with the staff of the National Governor’s Association, January 15, 1990.
“Summary of State Commissioners’ Meeting on EPA Proposed Strategy on Agricultural Chemicals in Groundwater,” Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, August 1988, pages 10–12. See also “Florida Groundwater Protection Task Force, Annual Report 1988–1989,” Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, October 1989.
State Commissioners’ Meeting, page 7.
See, for example, Workman, Bill, “60-Square Mile Medfly Quarantine Area,” and Wildermath, John, “Medfly Spraying Called Safe for People, Pets,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 7, 1989, page A4.
“Toxic Waste Program Great,” Marin Independent Journal, September 30, 1989, page A6.
A Matter of Chance, A Matter of Choice, Living with Environmental Risks in Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1989.
Romer, Roy, “An Elected Official,” EPA Journal, November/December 1988, page 15.
1988 Biennial Report to the Legislature, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, December 31, 1988, page 34.
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Schweitzer, G.E. (1991). The States Begin to Take Charge. In: Borrowed Earth, Borrowed Time. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6140-2_6
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