Abstract
The comparison between the costs of Columbus’s expedition and the Apollo program highlights the most significant barrier to wider use of space: its high cost. Although the costs of the American civilian space program are less than 1% of the entire federal budget, these costs are a very significant barrier to private participation in the space program. The costs must come down if space is to be developed in a free-enterprise mode.
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Reference Notes
Many of the technical data on the capabilities of Salyut and Skylab comes from Philip P. Chandler, Leonard David, and Courtland S. Lewis, “MOL, Skylab, and Salyut,” in Theodore R. Simpson, ed., The Space Station: An Idea Whose Time Has Come (New York: IEEE Press, 1984), 31–49.
William J. Broad, The New York Times, (17 July 1986): A19;
J. Kelly Beatty, “The First 100 Days of Mir,” Sky andTelescope (August 1986): 134;
A. Chaikin, “Life in Orbit,” Omni 8, no. 12 (September 1986): 66–71. Andrew Chaikin is an excellent, trustworthy science writer, and his article should be reliable despite its appearance in Omni, a magazine that has occasionally published some far-out speculations and has not made their nature clear.
C. Covault and T. M. Foley, “NASA Station Design Focuses on Assembly, Early Activation,” Aviation Week and Space Technology, (22 September 1986): 16–21.
See, e.g., R. Kline, R. McCaffrey, and D. B. Stein, “A Summary of Potential Designs of Space Stations and Platforms,” in I. Bekey and D. Herman, eds., Space Stations and Space Platforms—Concepts, Design, Infrastructure, and Uses, Vol. 99 in Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (New York: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985), 267–351; NASA Space Station Task Force, Space Station Program: Description, Applications, and Opportunities (Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1985), 259–270; John D. Hodge and Claude C. Priest, “The U.S. Space Station,” in Simpson, 119–158.
M. Mitchell Waldrop, “NASA Unveils Space Station Concept,” Science 232, (30 May 1986): 1089.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Civilian Space Stations and the U.S. Future in Space, OTA-STI-241 (Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, November 1984), lists a number of possible uses of the external tank on pp. 77–82.
See Chapter 3 for a discussion of various transfer vehicles.
Much of the information on SPAS and other space platforms comes from U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 66ff.
Roger Soderman, “Satellites on a Shoe String,” presented in “Moving Industry into Space,” Session 2, at the 1984 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Quotations from tape 84 AAAS-60, available from Mobiltape, 1741 Gardena Ave., Glendale, CA 91204.
NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Attached Shuttle Pay load Carriers, brochure available from Attached Shuttle Payload Program, Code 420, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.
Theresa Foley, Aviation Week and Space Technology, (1 September 1986): 40–41.
M. Mitchell Waldrop, “Asking for the Moon,” Science 226 (23 November 1984): 948–949;
Paul W. Keaton, “An International Research Laboratory on the Moon,” Report LA-9143-MS; Keaton, “A Moon Base/Mars Base Transportation Depot,” LA-10552-MS; Keaton, “Low-Thrust Rocket Trajectories,” LA-10625-MS; National Commission on Space, Pioneering the Space Frontier (New York, Bantam, 1986) 62–65. The reports, made for the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, are available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Ray A. Billington, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1960), 334–336.
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© 1987 Harry L. Shipman
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Shipman, H.L. (1987). Permanent Stations in Space and on the Moon. In: Space 2000. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6054-2_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6054-2_14
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