Abstract
In the same manner that the discovery of the transistor in the 1940’s triggered the start of an enormously productive era of crystal growth work on silicon, germanium, and related semiconductor materials, so did the first successful demonstration of laser action in ruby in 1960 (3) act as a powerful stimulus for crystal growth research and development efforts in the field of refractory oxidic materials. In both cases, extraordinary exertions by crystal growers were necessitated by the urgent demands for single crystals with unprecedented purity levels, degree of perfection, and large size. The laser situation was further complicated by the fact that many of the compositions of greatest potential interest as hosts were much higher melting (for example, melting point of ruby, 2,050°C; Y3Al5O12, YAG, 1,970°C.) than the most familiar semiconductor materials (germanium, 958.5°C.; silicon, 1,410°C.). This, in turn, relates to problems of containment and contamination of melts which in general are quite different for these two classes of materials.
Howard M. Dess is with the National Lead Company, Hightstown, New Jersey.
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Dess, H.M. (1969). Melt Growth of Refractory Oxide Single Crystals. In: Palermo, J.A., Larson, M.A. (eds) Crystallization from solutions and melts. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4815-1_11
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