Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endosperm culture

  • Chapter
Book cover Plant Tissue Culture Manual

  • 136 Accesses

Abstract

In over 81% families of flowering plants, the developing seeds have a nutritive triploid endosperm tissue. This results from the fusion of usually two polar haploid nuclei contributed by the female parent and one haploid male gamete. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo and influences its differentiation [1]. The failure of endosperm development causes abortion of the embryo and the resulting seeds are sterile [2]. A mature seed is nonendo-spermous (exalbuminous) when the embryo consumes the entire endosperm during development, but endospermous (albuminous) when it persists as a reservoir of food reserves (starch, fat, and proteins) and is utilized during seed germination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Williams E, de Latour G (1980) The use of embryo culture with transplanted nurse endosperm for the production of interspecific hybrids in pasture legumes. Bot Gaz 141: 252–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Johnston SA, den Nijs TPM, Peloquin SJ, Hanneman Jr RE (1980) The significance of genic balance to endosperm development in interspecific crosses. Theoret Appl Genet 57: 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Johri BM (1990) The role and development of endosperm in angiosperms. In: Purkayastha RP (ed) Economic plants and microbes. Today & Tomorrow, New Delhi, pp 251-254.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Battaglia E (1963) Apomixis. In: Maheshwari P (ed) Recent advances in the embryology of angiosperms. Intl Soc Pl Morphologists, Univ Delhi, pp 221-264.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Johri BM, Bhojwani SS (1965) Growth response of mature endosperm in cultures. Nature 298: 1345–1347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Masuda K, Koda Y, Okazawa Y (1977) Callus formation and embryogenesis of endosperm tissue of parsley seed cultured on hormone-free medium. Physiologia Plant 41: 135–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nakano H, Tashiro T, Maeda E (1975) Plant differentiation in callus tissue induced from immature endosperm of Oryza sativa L. Z Pflanzenphysiol 76: 444–449.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lakshmi Sita G, Raghava Rani NV, Vaidyanathan CS (1980) Triploid plants from endosperm culture of sandalwood by experimental embryogenesis. Pl Sci Lett 20: 63–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tulecke W, McGranhan G, Ahmadi H (1988) Regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of triploid plants from endosperm of walnut, Juglans regia L. cv. Manregian. Pl Cell Rep 7: 301–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. LaRue CD (1949) Culture of the endosperm of maize. Amer J Bot 36: 798.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Satsangi A, Mohan Ram HY (1965) A continuously-growing tissue culture from the mature endosperm of Ricinus communis L. Phytomorphology 15: 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Straus J, LaRue CD (1954) Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro 1: Culture requirements. Amer J Bot 41: 687–694.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Johri BM, Srivastava PS (1973) Morphogenesis in endosperm cultures. Z Pflanzenphysiol 70: 285–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Srivastava PS (1982) Endosperm culture. In: Johri BM (ed) Experimental Embryology of Vascular Plants. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 175–193.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Lampton RK (1952) Developmental and experimental morphology of the ovule and seed of Asimina triloba. PhD Thesis, Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Johri BM, Srivastava PS (1972) In vitro growth response of mature endosperm of Ricinus communis L. In: Murty YS, Johri BM, Mohan Ram HY, Verghese TM (eds) Advances in Plant Morphology (Prof V Puri Comm Vol). Sarita Prakashan, Meerut (India), pp 339-358.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nag KK, Johri BM (1971) Morphogenic studies on endosperm of some parasitic angiosperms. Phytomorphology 21: 202–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Srivastava PS, Johri BM (1974) Morphogenesis in mature endosperm cultures of Jatropha panduraefolia. Beitr Biol Pflanzen 50: 225–268.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Monaco LC, Sandahl MR, Carvalho A, Crocomo OJ, Sharp WR (1977) Applications of tissue culture in the improvement of coffee. In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS (eds) Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 109–126.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Norstog K (1956) Growth of rye grass endosperm in vitro. Bot Gaz 117: 253–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Johri BM, Nag KK (1970) Endosperm of Taxillus vestitus: A system to study the effect of cytokinins in vitro in shoot-bud formation. Curr Sci 39: 177–179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bhojwani SS, Johri BM (1970) Cytokinin-induced shoot bud differentiation in mature endosperm of Scurrula pulverulenta. Z Pflanzenphysiol 63: 269–275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mu S-K, Liu S-q, Zhou Y-K, Qian N-f, Zhang P, Xie H-X, Zhang F-S, Yan Z-L (1977) Induction of callus from apple endosperm and differentiation of the endosperm plantlet. Scientia Sin 20: 370–376.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wang T-Y, Chang C-I (1978) Triploid citrus plantlet from endosperm culture. Scientia Sin 21: 823–827.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sun C-S, Chu C-E (1981) The induction of endosperm plantlets and their ploidy of barley in vitro. Acta Bot Sin 23: 265.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Liu S-Q, Gui Y-I, Gu S-R, Xu T-Y (1987) Induction of endosperm calluses and regeneration of endosperm plantlets of Asparagus officinalis. Acta Bot Sin 29: 373–376.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sehgal CB, Narang KH, Sunila A (1981) Growth responses of mature endosperm of Euphorbia geniculata Orteg. in cultures. Beitr Biol Pflanzen 55: 385–392.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sethi Meenakshi, Rangaswamy NS (1976) Endosperm embryoids in culture of Nigella damascena. Curr Sci 43: 109–111.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nair S, Shirgurkar MV, Mascarenhas AF (1986) Studies on endosperm culture of Annona squamosa Linn. Pl Cell Rep 5: 132–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Sehgal CB, Sunila K (1985) Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured endosperm of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Pl Cell Rep 4: 263–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gu S-R, Gui Y-I, Xu T-Y (1985) Induction of endosperm plantlets in Lycium. Acta Bot Sin 27: 106–109.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bajaj YPS, Saini SS, Bidani M (1980) Production of triploid plants from the immature and mature endosperm cultures of rice. Theoret Appl Genet 58: 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Liu S-Q, Liu J-Q (1980) Callus induction and embryoid formation in endosperm culture of Prunus persica. Acta Bot Sin 22: 198–199.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bapat VA, Narayanaswami S (1977) Mesocarp and endosperm culture of Achras sapota Linn. in vitro. Indian J Exptl Biol 15: 294–296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mu S-K, Kwei Y-L, Liu S-K, Chang F-C, Lo F-M, Yang M-Y and Wang F-R (1977) Induction of callus in Vitis endosperm cultured in vitro. Scientia Sin 19: 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bhojwani SS, Johri BM (1971) Morphogenesc studies on cultured mature endosperm of Croton bonplandianum. New Phytol 70: 761–766.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rangaswamy NS, Rao PS (1963) Experimental studies on Santalum album L: Establishment of tissue cultures of endosperm. Phytomorphology 13: 450–454.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gui Y-I, Mu X-J, Xu T-Y (1982) Studies on morphological differentiation of endosperm plantlets of Chinese gooseberry in vitro. Acta Bot Sin 24: 216–221.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kin MS, Fraser LG, Harvey CF (1990) Initiation of callus and regeneration of plantlets from endosperm of Actinidia interspecific hybrids. Scientia Hortic 44: 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Srivastava PS, Johri BM (1978) Triploid plants of Putranjiva roxburghii from endosperm. Beitr Biol Pflanzen 54: 381–397.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kumar PP, Raju CR, Chandra Mohan M, Iyer RD (1985) Induction and maintenance of friable callus from cellular endosperm of Cocos nucifera L. Pl Sci 40: 203–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Smith MM, Stone BA (1973) Studies on Lolium multiflorum endosperm in tissue culture. Aust J Biol Sci 26: 123–133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nakajima T (1962) Physiological studies of seed development. Bull Univ Osaka Prefect Ser B 13: 13–48.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Sehgal CB (1974) Growth of barley and wheat endosperm in cultures. Curr Sci 43: 38–40.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mu S-K, Liu S-C (1978) Cytological observations on calluses derived from apple endosperm cultured in vitro. In: Proc Symp Plant Tissue Culture. Sci Press, Peking, pp 507–510.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tulecke W, McGranhan (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of walnut. Pl Sci 49: 57–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Paleg LG (1960) Physiological effects of gibberellic acid 2: On starch hydrolyzing enzymes of barley endosperm. Pl Physiol 35: 902–906.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Brown DJ, Canvin DT, Zilkey BF (1970) Growth and metabolism of Ricinus communis endosperm in tissue culture. Canad J Bot 48: 2323–2331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Graebe JE, Novelli GD (1966) Amino acid incorporation in cell-free system from submerged tissue cultures of Zea mays L. Exptl Cell Res 41: 521–534.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Castelli S, Manzocchi LA, Torri G (1988) Callus induction in endosperm from maize mutant with different IAA content. In: Pais MSS, Mavituna F, Novais JM (eds) Plant Cell Biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, pp 63–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. Chu LC, Shannon JC (1975) In vitro culture of maize endosperm: A model system for studying in vitro starch biosynthesis. Crop Sci 15: 814–819.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Sarawitz CH, Boyer CD (1987) Starch characteristics in culture of normal and mutant maize endosperm. Scientia Sin 12: 489–495.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Manzocchi LA, Bianchi MW, Viotti A (1989) Expression of zein in long-term cultures of wild type and opaque-2 maize endosperms. Pl Cell Rep 7: 639–643.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Racchi ML, Manzocchi LA (1988) Anthocyanin and proteins as biochemical markers in maize endosperm cultures. Pl Cell Rep 7: 78–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Meletti P, Floris C, D’Amato F (1964) Occurrence of an inhibitor in wheat endosperm as revealed by embryo transplantation in irradiated seeds. Rad Bot 4: 497–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Lampe L, Mills CO (1933) Growth and development of isolated endosperm and embryo of maize. Abstr Papers, Bot Soc Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lakshmi Sita G (1987) Triploids. In: Bonga JM, Durzan DJ (eds) Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, Vol 2. Specific Principles and Methods: Growth and Development. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht (The Netherlands) pp 269–284.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. Johri BM, Nag KK (1974) Cytology and morphogenesis of embryo and endosperm tissue of Dendrophthoe and Taxillus. Cytologia 39: 801–813.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Keller F, Stone BA (1978) Preparation of Lolium protoplasts and their purification using an anti-galactansepharose conjugate. Z Pflanzenphysiol 87: 167–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lakshmi Sita G, Rani HS (1983) Preliminary studies on isolation and culture of protoplasts from sandalwood. Experientia 45: 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Keller H, Wanner H, Baumann TW (1972) Kaffeinsynthese in Fruchten und Gewebekulturen von Coffea arabica. Planta 108: 339–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Gayatri MC (1978) In vitro studies on Codiaeum variegatum: Growth and organogenesis in endosperm tissue. Phytomorphology 28: 295–400.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Zur VK, Mills D, Mizrahi Y (1990) Callus formation from tomato endosperm. Acta Hortic 280: 139–141.

    Google Scholar 

  64. LaRue CD (1947) Growth and regeneration of the endosperm of maize in culture. Amer J Bot 34: 585–586.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Straus J (1954) Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro 2. Morphology and cytology. Amer J Bot 41: 833–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Straus J (1960) Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro 3. Development of a synthetic medium. Amer J Bot 47: 641–647.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Tamaoki T, Ullstrup AJ (1958) Cultivation in vitro of excised endosperm and meristem tissue of corn. Bull Torrey Bot Club 85: 260–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhu Q, Chen X, Li W, Chen Y (1988) In vitro regeneration of plantlets from immature endosperm of maize (Zea mays). In: Genetic Manipulation in Crops. Cassell, Tycooly (UK) pp 370–371.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India

    P. S. Srivastava

  2. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    B. M. Johri

Authors
  1. P. S. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. M. Johri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Cell & Molecular Biology Group, Leicester Biocentre, University of Leicester, UK

    K. Lindsey

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Srivastava, P.S., Johri, B.M. (1992). Endosperm culture. In: Lindsey, K. (eds) Plant Tissue Culture Manual. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3776-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3776-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-1516-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3776-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation