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Infection pp 125–177Cite as

Immunology of Mycobacterial Infections

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Abstract

Tuberculosis is still one of the most important and widespread of the life-threatening bacterial diseases occurring throughout the world today, affecting both human and domestic animal populations (Francis, 1958; Hershfield, 1979). There is clear archeologic evidence of tuberculous lesions in several of the early Egyptian mummies (Zimmerman, 1979), and pulmonary tuberculosis was widely recognized in Europe in the pre-Christian era. Such infections were probably sporadic at that time, but with the increasing density of population in Europe during the Middle Ages, the disease quickly became endemic, increasing at an alarming rate during the Industrial Revolution (Dubos and Dubos, 1952). A similar increase also occurred in the United States at this time, with mortality rates reaching as high as 800 per 100,000 per annum during the first half of the nineteenth century. Spread of the disease was undoubtedly promoted by the appalling living conditions, overcrowding, poor nutrition, alcoholism, ignorance, and superstition that occurred in most of the major industrial cities throughout the Western world. During this time, tuberculosis affected all segments of the population, reaching such proportions that it was frequently referred to as the “White Plague.”

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  1. Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, New York, 12983, USA

    Frank M. Collins

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  1. Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Mario R. Escobar

  2. School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA

    John P. Utz

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Collins, F.M. (1988). Immunology of Mycobacterial Infections. In: Escobar, M.R., Utz, J.P. (eds) Infection. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3748-3_7

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