Abstract
The morphologic appearance of the lung in the syndrome of acute respiratory distress in adults (ARDS), in which extensive neutrophil accumulation is seen in all compartments (Chapter 4), defines this syndrome as reflecting an overwhelming inflammatory process. In the context of apparent injury to epithelial and endothelial surfaces, a model for the pathogenesis of ARDS suggests that injury by inflammatory cells plays a central role (Chapter 5).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lien, D.C., Wagner, W.W., Capen, R.L., et al. (1987) Physiologie neutrophil sequestration in the canine pulmonary circulation: evidence for localization in capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol, 62, 1236–43.
Lien, D.C., Worthen, G.S., Capen, R., et al. (1990) Neutrophil kinetics in the pulmonary microcirculation: effects of pressure and flow in the dependent lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 141, 953–9.
Lien, D.C., Worthen, G.S., Henson, P.M. and Bethel, R.A. (1992) Platelet-activating factor causes neutrophil accumulation and neutro-phil-mediated increased vascular permeability in canine trachea. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 145, 693–700.
Schmid-Schonbein, G.W., Usami, S., Skalak, R. and Chien, S. (1980) Interaction of leukocytes and erythrocytes in capillary and postcapillary vessels. Microvasc. Res., 19, 45–70.
Worthen, G.S., Schwab, B., Elson, E.L. and Downey, G.P (1989) Mechanics of stimulated neutrophils: cell stiffening induces retention in capillaries. Science, 245, 183–5.
Downey, G.P, Chan, C.K., Lea, P. et al. (1992) Phorbol ester-induced actin assembly in neutrophils: role of protein kinase C. J. Cell Biol., 116, 695–706.
Tonnesen, M.G., Anderson, D.C., Springer, T.A. et al. (1989) Adherence of neutrophils to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells: stimulation by chemotactic peptides and lipid mediator, and dependence on the Mac-1, LFA-1, pl50,95 glycoprotein family. J. Clin. Invest., 74, 1581–92.
Kownatzki, E., Kapp, A. and Uhrich, S. (1988) Modulation of human neutrophil functions by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human lymphotoxin: promotion of adherence, inhibition of chemotactic migration and superoxide anion release from adherent cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol, 74, 143–8.
Pohlman, T.H., Stanness, K.A., Beatty, B.G. et al. (1986) An endothelial cell surface fac-tor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor increases neutrophil adherence by CDW18-dependent mechanism. J. Immunol, 130, 4548–53.
Worthen, G.S., Avdi, N., Vukajlovich, S. and Tobias, P.S. (1993) Neutrophil adherence induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro: role of plasma component interaction with lipopolysaccharide. J. Clin. Invest., 90, 2526–35.
Anderson, D.C. and Springer, T.A. (1987) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: an inherited defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1, and pl50,95 glycoproteins. Ann. Rev. Med., 38, 175–94.
Doerschuk, C.M., Winn, R.K., Coxson, H.O. et al. (1990) CD18-dependent and independent mechanisms of nuetrophil emigration in the pulmonary and systemic microcirculation of rabbits. J. Immunol, 144, 2327–33.
Vedder, N.B., Winn, R.K., Rice, C.L. et al. (1988) A monoclonal antibody to the adherence-promoting leukocyte glycoprotein, CD18, reduces organ injury and improves survivial from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits. J. Clin. Invest., 81, 939–44.
Gamble, J.R., Harlan, J.M., Klebanoff, S.J. et al. (1985) Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA., 82, 8667–74.
Bevilacqua, M.P., Pober, J.S., Wheeler, M.E. et al. (1985) Interleukin-1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J. Clin. Invest., 76, 2003–11.
Harlan, J.E., Hajduk, P.J., Yoon, H.S. and Fesik, S.W. (1994) Pleckstrin homology domains bind to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Nature, 371, 168–70.
Tonnesen, M.G., Smedley, L. and Henson, P.M. (1984) Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions: modulation of neutrophil adhesiveness induced by complement fragments C5a and C5a des arg and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in vitro. J. Clin. Invest., 74, 1581–92.
Zimmermann, A., Keller, H.U. and Cottier, H. (1988) Heavy water (D2O)-induced shape changes, movements and F-actin redistribution in human neutrophil granulocytes. Eur. J. Cell. Biol., 47, 320–6.
Geng, J.G., Bevilacqua, M.P., Moore, K.L. et al. (1990) Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140. Nature, 343, 757–9.
Staunton, D.E., Marlin, S.D., Stratowa, C. et al. (1988) Primary structure of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) demonstrates interaction between members of the immunoglobulin and integrin supergene families. Cell, 52, 925–33.
Osborn, L., Hession, C., Tizard, R. et al. (1989) Direct expression cloning of vascular adhesion molecule 1: a cytokine induced endothelial protein that binds to lymphocytes. Cell, 59, 1203–11.
Newman, L.S. (1990) Dyspnea with diffuse interstitial infiltrates and hilar adenopathy, in Pulmonary Grand Rounds, (ed. M. Schwarz), B.C. Decker, Philadelphia, pp.44–52.
Smith, C.W., Macklin, S.D., Rothlein, R. et al. (1989) Cooperative interaction of LFA-1 and Mac-1 with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in facilitating adherence and transendothelial migration of human neutrophils in vitro. J. Clin. Invest., 83, 2008–17.
Phillips, M.L., Nudelman, E., Gaeta, F.C.A. et al. (1990) ELAM-1 mediates cell adhesion by recognition of a carbohydrate ligand, sialic Science, 250, 1130–2.
Walz, G.A., Aruffo, A., Kolanus, W. et al. (1990) Recognition by ELAM-1 of the sial-lex. Science, 250, 1132–5.
Moore, K.L., Eaton, S.F., Lyons, D.E. et al. (1994) The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand from human neutrophils displays sialylated, fuco-sylated, O-linked poly-n-acetyl lactosamine. J. Biol Chem., 269, 23318–27.
Mulligan, M.S., Vaporciyan, A.A., Warner, R.L. et al. (1995) Compartmentalized roles for leukocytic adhesion molecules in lung inflammatory injury. J. Immunol, 154, 1350–63.
Webster, R.O., Larsen, G.L., Mitchell, B.C. et al. (1982) Absence of inflammatory injury in rabbits challenged intravascularly with complement-derived chemotactic factors. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 125, 335–40.
Worthen, G.S., Henson, P.M., Henson, J.E. and Rees, A.J.. (1987) Mechanisms of vascular injury, in Diseases of the Kidney, 4th edn (eds R.W. Schrier and C.W. Gottschalk), Little Brown, Boston, pp. 2225–2252.
Parsons, P.E., Worthen, G.S. and Henson, P.M. (1991) Injury from inflammatory cells, in Lung Injury (eds R.G. Crystal and J.B. West), Raven Press, New York, pp. 221–31.
Beesley, J.E., Pearson, J.D, Carleton, J.S. et al. (1978) Interaction of leukocytes with vascular cells in culture. J. Cell Sci., 33, 85–101.
Marchesi, V.T. and Florey, H.W. (1960) Electron micrographic observations on the emigration of leukocytes. Q. J. Exp. Physiol, 45, 343–8.
Smith, C.W., Rothlein, R., Hughes, B.J. et al. (1988) Recognition of an endothelial determinant for CD18-dependent human neutrophil adherence and transendothelial migration. J. Clin. Invest., 82, 1746–56.
Luscinskas, F.W., Cybulsky, M.I., Kiely, J.M. et al. (1991) Cytokine-activated human endothelial monolayers support enhanced neutrophil transmigration via a mechanism involving both endothelial — leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J. Immunol, 146, 1617–25.
Worthen, G.S., Henson, P.M., Rosengren, S. et al. (1994) Neutrophils increase volume during migration in vivo and in vitro. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 10 1–7.
Grinstein, S., Furuya, W. and Cragoe, E.J. Jr, (1986) Volume changes in activated human neutrophils: the role of Na+/H+ exchange. J. Cell. Physiol, 128, 33–40.
Sardet, C., Counillon, O., Franchi, A. and Pouyssegur, J. (1990) Growth factors induce phosphorylation of the Na+/H+ antiporter, glycoprotein of 110 kD. Science, 247, 723–6.
Simchowitz, L. and Cragoe, E.J. Jr (1986) Regulation of human neutrophil Chemotaxis by intracellular pH. J. Biol. Chem., 261, 6492–500.
Simchowitz, L. (1985) Intracellular pH modulates the generation of superoxide radicals by human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest., 76, 1079.
Simchowitz, L. (1985) Chemotactic factor-induced activation of the Na+/H+ exchange in human neutrophils I. Sodium fluxes. J. Biol. Chem., 260, 13237–48.
Rosengren, S., Henson, P.M. and Worthen, G.S. (1994) Migration-associated volume changes in neutrophils facilitate the migratory process. Am. J. Physiol, 267 C1623–32.
Bianchini, L., Woodside, M., Sardet, C. et al. (1991) Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, induces activation and phosphorylation of the Na+/H+ antiport. J. Biol. Chem., 299, 15406–13.
Staub, N.C., Schultz, E.L., Koike, K. and Albertine, K.H. (1985) Effect of neutrophil migration induced by leukotriene B4 on protein permeability in sheep lung. Fed. Proc, 44, 30–5.
Gallin J.I. (1981) Abnormal phagocyte Chemotaxis: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of patients. Rev. Infect Dis., 3, 1196–220.
Lew, P.D., Monod, A., Waldvogel, F.A. et al. (1986) Quantitative analysis of the cytosolic free calcium dependency of exocytosis from three subcellular compartments in intact human neutrophils. J. Cell Biol., 102, 2197–204.
Wright, D.G. and Gallin, J.I. (1979) Secretory responses of human neutrophils: exocytosis of specific (secretory) granules by human neutrophils during adherence in vitro and during exudation in vivo. J. Immunol, 123, 284–94.
Bainton, D.F. (1973) Sequential degranulation of the two types of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules during phagocytosis of microorganisms. J. Cell Biol., 58, 249–64.
Henson, P.M. (1971) The immunologic release of constituents from neutrophil leukocytes. II. Mechanisms of release during phagocytosis and adherence to nonphagocytosable surfaces. J. Immunol, 107, 1547–57.
Lynch, R.E. and Fridovich, I. (1978) Permeation of the erythrocyte stroma by superoxide radical. J. Biol Chem., 253, 4697–9.
Bratton, D.L., Kailey, J.M., Clay, K.L. and Henson, P.M. (1991) A model for the extracellular release of PAF: the influence of plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry. Biochim. Bio-phys. Acta, 1062, 24–34.
Bratton, D.L. (1993) Release of platelet activating factor from activated neutrophils: trans-glutaminase-dependent enhancement of transbilayer movement across the plasma membrane. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 3364–73.
Meyrick, B., Hoffman, L.H. and Brigham, K.L. Chemotaxis of granulocytes across bovine pulmonary artery intimai explants without endothelial cell injury. Tissue Cell, 16, 1–16.
Bachofen, M. and Weibel, E.R. (1982) Structural alterations of the lung parenchyma in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Clin. Chest Med., 3, 35–56.
Guthrie, L.A., McPhail, L.C., Henson, P.M. and Johnston R.B. Jr (1984) The priming of neutrophils for enhanced release of oxygen metabolites by bacterial lipopolysaccharide: evidence for increased activity of the super-oxide-producing enzyme. J. Exp. Med., 160, 1656–71.
Worthen, G.S., Seccombe, J.F., Guthrie, L.A. et al. (1988) Priming of neutrophils by lipopolysaccharide for enhanced production of platelet-activating factor: potential role in mediation of enhanced superoxide secretion. J. Immunol, 140, 3553–9.
Berkow, R.L., Wang, D., Larrick, J.W. et al. (1987) Enhancement of neutrophil superoxide production by preincubation with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol, 139, 3783–91.
DiPersio, J.F., Billing, P., Williams, R. and Gasson, J.C. (1988) Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and other cytokines prime human neutrophils for enhanced arachidonic acid release and leukotriene B4 synthesis. J. Immunol, 140, 4315–22.
Daniels, R.H., Finnen, M.J., Hill, M.E. and Lackie, J.M. (1992) Recombinant human monocyte IL-8 primes NADPH oxidase and phospholipase A2 activation in human neutrophils. Immunology, 75, 157–63.
Smedly, L.A., Tonnesen, M.G., Sandhaus, R.A. et al. (1986) Neutrophil-mediated injury to endothelial cells: enhancement by LPS and essential role of neutrophil elastase. J. Clin. Invest., 77, 1233–43.
Worthen, G.S., Haslett, C., Smedly, L.A. et al. (1986) Lung vascular injury induced by chemotactic factors: enhancement by bacterial endotoxins. Fed. Proc, 45, 7–12.
Nathan, C.F. (1987) Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces: massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest., 80, 1550–60.
Kusner, D.J., Aucott, J.N., Franceschi, D. et al. (1991) Protease priming of neutrophil superoxide production: effects on membrane lipid order and lateral mobility. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 16465–71.
Abo, A., Pick, E., Hall, A. et al. (1991) Activation of NADPH oxidase involves the small GTP-binding protein p21rac. Nature, 353, 668–70.
McDonald, P., Pouliot, M. and Borgeat, P. (1993) Enhancement by GM-CSF of agonist-induced 5-lipoxygenase activation in human neutrophils involves protein synthesis and gene transcription. J. Lipid Med., 6, 59–67.
Palmantier, R., Surette, M.E., Sanchez, A. et al. (1994) Priming for the synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products in human blood ex vivo by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. Lab. Invest., 70, 696–704.
Durstin, M., Durstin, S., Molski, T.F.P. et al. (1994) Cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 translocates to membrane fraction in human neutrophils activated by stimuli that phos-phorylate mitogen-activated protein kinase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 3142–6.
Thomas, K.M., Pyun, H.Y. and Navarro, J. (1990) Molecular cloning of the Met-Leu-Phe receptor from neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 20061–4.
Cockcroft, S. and Stutchfield, J. (1989) The receptors for ATP and fMetLeuPhe are independently coupled to phospholipases C and A2 via G-protein(s). Relationship between phospholipase C and A2 activation and exocy-tosis in HL60 cells and human neutrophils. Biochem. J., 263, 715–23.
Bokoch, G.M. and Gilman, A.G. (1984) Inhibition of receptor-mediated release of arachi-donic acid by pertussis toxin. Cell, 39, 301–8.
Gilman, A.G. (1987) G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 56, 615–49.
Yatani, A., Mattera, R., Codina, J. et al. (1988) The G protein-gated atrial K+ channel is stimulated by three distinct Gi alpha-subunits. Nature, 336, 680–2.
Seuwen, K., Kahan, C., Hartman, T. and Pouyssegur, J. (1990) Strong and persistent activation of inositol lipid breakdown induces early mitogenic events but not G0 to S phase progression in hamster fibroblasts: comparison of thrombin and carbachol action in cells expressing Ml muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 22292–9.
Camps, M., Carozzi, A., Schnabel, P. et al. (1992) Isozyme-selective stimulation of phospholipase C-β2 by G protein βγ-subunits. Nature, 360, 684–9.
McPhail, L.C. and Snyderman, R. (1983) Activation of the respiratory burst enzyme in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by chemoattractants and other soluble stimuli: evidence that the same oxidase is activated by different transductional mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest., 72, 192–200.
Tyagi, S.R., Tamura, M., Burnham, D.N. and Lambeth, J.D. (1988) Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) augments chemoattractant-induced diglyceride generation in human neutrophils but inhibits phosphoinositide hydrolysis. J. Biol. Chem., 263, 13191–8.
Wilson, E., Olcott, M.C., Bell, R.M. et al. (1986) Inhibition of oxidative burst in human neutrophils by shingoid long-chain bases: role of protein kinase C in activation of the burst. J. Biol. Chem., 261, 616.
Bass, D.A., Gerard, C., Olbrantz, P. et al. (1987) Priming of the respiratory burst of neutrophils by diacylglycerol: independence from activation or translocation of protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem., 262, 6643–9.
Bass, D.A., McPhail, L.C, Schmitt, J.D. et al. (1989) Selective priming of rate and duration of the respiratory burst of neutrophils by 1,2-diacyl and l-0-alkyl-2-acyl diglycerides. J. Biol. Chem., 264, 19610–17.
Bauldry, S.A., Wykle, R.L. and Bass, D.A. (1988) Phospholipase A2 activation in human neutrophils: differential actions of diacylgly-cerols and alkylacyglycerols in priming cells for stimulation by N-formyl-met-leu-phe. J. Biol. Chem., 263, 16787–95.
Bauldry, S.A., Bass, D.A., Cousart, S.L. and McCall, C.E. (1991) Tumor necrosis factor alpha priming of phospholipase D in human neutrophils: correlation between phosphatidic acid production and superoxide generation. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 4173–9.
Naccache, PH., Hamelin, B., Gaudry, M. and Bourgoin, S. (1991) Priming of calcium mobilization in human neutrophils by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: evidence for an involvement of phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid. Cell Signalling, 3, 635–44.
Agwu, D.E., McPhail, L.C, Sozzani, S. et al. (1991) Phosphatidic acid as a second messenger in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: effects on activation of NADPH oxidase. J. Clin. Invest., 88, 531–9.
Garcia Rodriguez, C., Montero, M., Alvarez, J. et al. (1993) Dissociation of platelet-activating factor production and arachidonate release by the endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin: evidence for the involvement of a Ca2+-dependent route of priming in the production of lipid mediators by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 24751–7.
Gay, J.C, (1993) Mechanism and regulation of neutrophil priming by platelet-activating factor. J. Cell. Physiol, 156, 189–7.
Grinstein, S. and Furuya, W. (1992) Chemo-attractant-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of microtubule-associated protein kinase in human neutrophils. J. Biol Chem., 267, 18122–5.
Thompson, H.L., Shiroo, M. and Saklatvala, J. (1993) The chemotactic factor N-formyl-methionyl-lencyl-phenylalanine activates microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP) kinase and a MAP kinase kinase in polymo-phonuclear leukocytes. Biochem. J., 290, 483–8.
Pelech, S.L. (1993) Networking with protein kinase. Curr. Biol., 3, 513–5.
Wood, K.W., Sarnecki, C., Roberts, T.M. and Blenis, J. (1992) ras mediates nerve growth factor receptor modulation of three signal-transducing protein kinases: MAP kinase, raf-1, and RSK. Cell, 68, 1041–50.
Nemenoff, R.A., Winitz, S., Qian, N.X. et al. (1993) Phosphorylation and activation of a high molecular weight form of phospholipase A2 by p42 microtubule-associated protein kin-sae and protein kinase C. J. Biol Chem., 268, 1960–4.
Seth, A., Alvarez, E., Gupta, S. and Davis R.J. (1991) A phosphorylation site located in the NH2-terminal domain of c-Myc increases transaction of gene expression. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 23521–4.
Seger, R., Ahn, N.G., Boulton, T.G. et al. (1991) Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphoryla-tion on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 7551–5.
Crews, C.M., Alessandrini, A. and Erikson, R.L. (1992) The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product. Science, 258, 478–80.
Lange-Carter, C.A., Pleiman, C.M., Gardner, A.M. et al. (1993) A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and raf. Science, 260, 315–9.
Worthen, G.S., Avdi, N., Buhl, A.M. et al. (1994) FMLP activates ras and raf in human neutrophils: potential role in activation of MAP kinase. J. Clin. Invest., 94, 815–23.
Buhl, A.M., Avdi, N., Worthen, G.S. and Johnson, G.L. (1994) Mapping of the C5a receptor signal transduction in human neutrophils. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 9190–4.
Wu, J., Dent, P., Jelinek, T. et al. (1993) Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signalling pathway by adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate. Science, 262, 1065–9.
Cook, S.J. and McCormick, F. (1993) Inhibition by cAMP of ras-dependent activation of raf. Science, 262, 1069–2.
Burgering, B.M.T., Pronk, G.J., van Weeren, P.C. et al. (1993) cAMP antagonizes p21ras-directed activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 2 and phosphorylation of mSos nucleotide exchange factor. EMBO J, 12, 4211–20.
Downey, G.P., Elson, E.L., Schwab, B. III et al. (1991) Biophysical properties and microfilament assembly in neutrophils: modulation by cyclic AMP. J. Cell Biol., 114, 1179–90.
Rivkin, I, Rosenblatt, J. and Becker, E.L. (1975) The role of cAMP in in the chemotactic responsiveness and spontaneous motility of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils: the inhibition of neutrophil movement and elevation of cAMP level by catecholamines, prostaglandins, theophylline, and cholera toxin. J. Immunol, 115, 1126–34.
Chopra, J. and Webster, R.O. (1988) PGE1 inhibits neutrophil adherence and neutrophil-mediated injury to cultured endothelial cells. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 138, 915–20.
Fantone, J.C, Marasco, W.A., Elgas, L.J. and Ward, P.A. (1984) Stimulus specificity of prostaglandin inhibition of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal enzyme release and superoxide anion production. Am. J. Pathol, 115, 9–16.
Fonteh, A.N., Winkler, J.D., Torphy, T.J. et al. (1993) Influence of isoproterenol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on platelet-activating factor biosynthesis in the human neutrophil. J. Immunol, 151, 330–50.
Fittschen, L.F., Sandhaus, R.A., Worthen, G.S. and Henson, P.M. (1988) Bacterial lipopoly-saccharide enhanced chemoattractant-induced elastase secretion by human neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol., 43 547–56.
Henson, P.M., Tonnesen, M.G., Worthen, G.S. and Parsons P.E. (1988) Pulmonary inflammation: mechanisms and effects of accummula-tion of inflammatory cells, in Human Inflammatory Disease, Clinical Immunology. 1. (eds C. Maronne, L.M. Lichtenstein, M. Kondorelli and A.S. Fauci), B.C. Decker, Toronto, pp. 69–76.
Campbell, E.J. and Campbell, M.A. (1988) Pericellular proteolysis by neutrophils in the presence of proteinase inhibitors: effects of substrate opsonization. Cell Biol., 106, 667–76.
Nathan, C.F. (1988) Respiratory burst in adherent human neutrophils: triggering by colony-stimulating factors CSF-GM and CSF-G. Blood, 73 301–6.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Worthen, G.S., Downey, G.P. (1996). Mechanisms of Neutrophil Mediated Injury. In: Evans, T.W., Haslett, C. (eds) ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress in Adults. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3430-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3430-7_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-56910-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3430-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive