Skip to main content

Mechanisms of Resolution of Lung Inflammation

  • Chapter
ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress in Adults

Abstract

It is now accepted that the inflammatory process plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of inflammatory diseases that comprise a heavy burden of morbidity and untimely deaths in the developed world. In the lung these include chronic bronchitis and emphysema, asthma, interstitial lung diseases and syndromes of acute respiratory distress in adults (ARDS) and neonates. Most of these diseases are characterized by the persistent accumulation of inflammatory cells which is associated with chronic lung injury and fibrosis. As discussed in Chapter 13, there appears to be a close link between the intensity of inflammation and acute lung injury in ARDS but there is also a rapid and sometimes massive fibrotic reaction (p.216).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Heffron, R. (1939) Pneumonia: with special reference to pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. xv 1086p Commonwealth Fund NY.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Robertson, O.H. and Uhley, C.G. (1938) Changes occurring in the macrophage system of the lungs in pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. J. Clin. Invest., 15, 115–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hurley, J.V. (1983) Termination of acute inflammation. 1. Resolution, in Acute Inflammation, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, London, pp. 109–17.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Larsen, G.L., McCarthy, K., Webster, R.O. et al. (1980) A differential effect of C5a and C5a des arg in the induction of pulmonary inflammation. Am. J. Pathol, 100, 179–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Weiss, S.J. (1989) Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N. Engl. J. Med., 320, 365–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Donnelly, S.C. and Haslett C. (1992) Cellular mechanisms of acute lung injury: implications for future treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Thorax, 47, 260–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Doherty, D.E., Downey, G.P., Worthen, G.S. et al. (1988) Monocyte retention and migration in pulmonary inflammation. Lab. Invest., 59, 200–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wedmore, C.V. and Williams, T.J. (1981) Control of vascular permeability by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation. Nature, 289, 646–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. McColl, S.R. and Showall, H.J. (1994) Neu-trophil-derived inflammatory mediators, in Immunopharmacology of Neutrophils (ed. EG. Helliwell and T.J. Williams), Academic Press, London, pp. 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Spitznagel, J.K. (1990) Antibiotic proteins of neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest., 86, 1851–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Haslett, C. (1992) Resolution of acute inflammation and the role of apoptosis in the tissue fate of granulocytes. Clin. Sci., 83, 639–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berenberg, J.L. and Ward, P.A. (1973) Chemo-tactic factor of inactivator in normal human serum. J. Clin. Invest., 52, 1200–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kunkel, S.L., Standiford, T., Kasaahara, K. and Strieter, R.M. (1991) Interleukin-8: the major neutrophil chemotactic factor in the lung. Exp. Lung Res., 17, 17–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Henson, P.M., Schwartzmann, N.A. and Zanolari, B. (1981) Intracellular control of human neutrophil secretion. H. Stimulus specificity of desensitisation induced by six different soluble and particulate stimuli. J. Immunol, 127, 754–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Colditz, I.G. and Movat, H.Z. (1984) Desensitisation of acute inflammatory lesions to chemotaxins and endotoxin. J. Immunol, 133, 2163–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Haslett, C., Jose, P.J., Giclas, P.C. et al. (1989) Cessation of neutrophil influx in C5a-induced acute experimental arthritis is associated with loss of chemoattractant activity from joint spaces. J. Immunol, 142, 3510–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Clark, R.J., Jones, H.A., Rhodes, C.G. and Haslett, C. (1989) Non-invasive assessment in self-limited pulmonary inflammation by external scintigraphy of 111Hndium-labelled neutrophil influx and by measurement of the local metabolic response with positron emission tomography. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 139, A58.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Haslett, C., Shen, A.S., Feldsien, D.C. et al. (1989) mIndium-labelled neutrophil flux into the lungs of bleomycin-treated rabbits assessed non-invasively by external scintigraphy. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 140, 756–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ward, P.A. and Becker, E.L. (1967) The deactivation of rabbit neutrophils by chemotactic factor and the nature of the activatable esterase. J. Exp. Med., 127, 693–709.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hurley, J.V. (1963) An electron microscopic study of leukocyte emigration and vascular permeability in rat skin. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci., 41, 171–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Milks, L. and Cramer, E. (1984) Transepithelial electrical resistance studies during in vitro neutrophil migration. Fed. Proc., 43, 477.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Springer, T.A. (1990) Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature, 346, 425–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hynes, R.O. (1992) Integrins; versatility, modulation and signalling in cell adhesion. Cell, 69, 11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lawrence, M.B. and Springer, T.A. (1991) Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction form and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell, 65, 859–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Pober, J.S. and Cotran, R.S. (1990) Cytokines and endothelial cell biology. Physiol. Rev., 70, 427–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Parsons, P.E., Sugahara, K., Cott, G.R. et al. (1987) The effect of neutrophil migration and prolonged neutrophil contact on epithelial permeability. Am. J. Pathol, 129, 302–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Haudenschild, C.L. and Schwartz, S.M. (1979) Endothelial regeneration. II. Restitution of endothelial continuity. Lab. Invest., 41, 407–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Henson, P.M., Henson, J.E., Fittschen, C., et al. (1988) Phagocytic cells: degranulation and secretion, in Gallin J.I. ed. Inflammation, Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates (ed. J.I. Gallin), Raven Press, New York, pp. 363–90.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zimmerli, W, Seligmann, B. and Gallin, J.I. (1986) Exudation primes human and guinea pig neutrophils for subsequent responsiveness to the chemotactive peptide N-formyl methio-nyl leucyl phenylamine and increases complement C3bi receptor expression. J. Clin. Invest., 77, 925–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Whyte, M.K.B., Meagher, L.C., MacDermott, J. and Haslett, C. (1993) Down-regulation of neutrophil function by apoptosis: a mechanism for functional isolation of neutrophils from inflammatory mediator stimulation. J. Immunol, 150, 5123–34.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Steinmann, R.M., Brodie, S.E. and Cohn, Z.A. (1976) Membrane flow during pinocytosis — a sterological analysis. J. Cell. Biol., 68, 665–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Metchnikoff, E. (1968) Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation, lecture VII, delivered at the Pasteur Institute in 1891 (translated by F.A. Starling and E.H. Starling), Dover, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Pekin, T., Malinin, T.I. and Zwaifler, R. (1967) Unusual synovial fluid findings in Reiter’s syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med., 66, 677–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Spriggs, R.S., Boddington, M.M. and Mowat, A.G. (1978) Joint fluid cytology in Reiter’s syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 37, 557–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chapes, S.K. and Haskill, S. (1983) Evidence for granulocyte-mediated macrophage activation after C. parvum immunization. Cell Immunol, 75, 367–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Newman, S.L., Henson, J.E. and Henson, P.M. (1982) Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by human monocyte-derived macrophages and rabbit inflammatory macrophages. J. Exp. Med., 156, 430–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Savill, J.S., Wyllie, A.H., Henson, J.E. et al. (1989) Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation — programmed cell death leads to its recognition by macrophages. J. Clin. Invest., 83, 865–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kerr, J.F.R., Wyllie, A.H. and Currie, A.R. (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer, 26, 239–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wyllie, A.H., Kerr, J.F.R. and Currie, A.R. (1980) Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol, 68, 251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wyllie, A.H. (1981) Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature, 284, 555–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Pietsch, M.C., Polzar, B., Stephan, H. et al. (1993) Characterization of the endogenous deoxyribonuclease involved in nuclear DNA degradation during apoptosis (programmed cell death). EMBO J.12, 371–7.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kar, S., Ren, Y., Savill, J.S. and Haslett, C. (1995) Inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis in vitro of aged neutrophils increases release of neutrophil contents. Clin. Sci., 85, 27p.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Grigg, J.M., Savill, J.S., Sarraf, C., Haslett, C. and Silverman, M. (1991) Neutrophil apoptosis and clearance from neonatal linings. Lancet, 338, 720–722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Meagher, L.C., Savill, J.S., Baker, A. et al. (1992) Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils does not induce macrophage release of thromboxane B2. J. Leukoc. Biol., 52, 269–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Duvall, E., Wyllie, A.H. and Morris, R.G. (1985) Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death. Immunology, 56, 351–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Savill, J.S., Henson, P.M. and Haslett, C. (1989) Phagocytosis of aged human neutrophils by macrophages is mediated by a novel ‘charge sensitive’ recognition mechanism. J. Clin. Invest., 84, 1518–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Savill, J.S., Dransfield, I., Hogg, N. and Haslett, C. (1990) Macrophage recognition of ‘senescent self’. The vitronectin receptor mediates phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis. Nature, 342, 170–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Savill, J.S., Hogg, N. and Haslett, C. (1992) Thrombospondin co-operates with CD36 and the vitronectin receptor macrophage in recognition of aged neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest., 90, 1513–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fadok, V.A., Voelker, D.R., Campbell, P.A. et al. (1992) Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages. J. Immunol, 148, 2207–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fadok, V., Savill, J.S., Haslett, C. et al. (1992) Different populations of macrophages use either the vitronectin receptor or the phosphatidylserine receptor to recognize and remove apoptotic cells. J. Immunol, 149, 4029–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hall, S.E., Savill, J.S., Henson, P.M. and Haslett, C. (1994) Apoptotic neutrophils are phagocy-tosed by fibroblasts with participation of the fibroblast vitronectin receptor and involvement of a mannose/fucose-specific lectin. J. Immunol, 153, 3218–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Savill, J.S., Smith, J., Sarraf, C. et al. (1992) Glomerular mesangial cells and inflammatory macrophages ingest neutrophils undergoing apoptosis. Kidney Int., 42, 924–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Baker, A.J., Mooney, A., Hughes, J. et al. (1994) Mesangial cell apoptosis: the major mechanism for resolution of glomerular hypercellularity in experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis. J. Clin. Invest., 94, 2105–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Polunovsky, V.A., Chen, B., Henke, C. et al. (1993) Role of mesenchymal cell death in lung remodelling after injury. J. Clin. Invest., 92, 388–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee, A., Whyte, MBK and Haslett, C. (1993) Prolonged in vitro lifespan and functional longevity of neutrophils induced by inflammatory mediators acting through inhibition of apoptosis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 54, 283–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. McConkey, D.J., Nicotera, P., Hartzell, P. et al. (1989) Glucocorticoids activate a suicide process in thymocytes through an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 269, 365–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Whyte, MKB, Meagher, L.C., Hardwick, S.J. et al. (1993) Transient elevations of cytosolic free calcium retard subsequent apoptosis in neutrophils in vitro. J. Clin. Invest., 92, 446–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Vaux, D.L., Cory, S. and Adams, J.M. (1992) Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalise pre-B cells. Nature, 335, 440–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Evan, G.I., Wyllie, A.H., Gilbert, G.S. et al. (1992) Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69, 119–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mangan, D.F. and Wahl, S.M. (1991) Differential regulation of human monocytes in programmed cell death (apoptosis) by chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. J. Immunol, 147, 3408–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bellingan, G.J., Dransfield, I. and Haslett, C. (1994) Characterization of apoptosis in the human macrophage. Clin. Sci., 86, 2p.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Bellingan, G.J., Caldwell, H., Howie, S.E.M et al. (1995) In vivo fate of the inflammatory macrophage during the resolution of inflammation: inflammatory macrophages do not die locally but emigrate to the draining lymph nodesq, (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Haslett, C. (1996). Mechanisms of Resolution of Lung Inflammation. In: Evans, T.W., Haslett, C. (eds) ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress in Adults. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3430-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3430-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-56910-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3430-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics