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Fetal Drug Exposure and Sexual Differentiation of Males

  • Chapter
Sexual Differentiation

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology ((HBNE,volume 11))

Abstract

A variety of commonly abused drugs interfere with steroidogenesis in the testes of adult animals and men. These drugs suppress hormone synthesis by a direct inhibitory action on the testes, and/or by disrupting hypothalamic-pituitary stimulation of the gonads. Plasma testosterone (T) titers are attenuated after use of any of a wide variety of compounds, including licit addictive substances, such as alcohol and nicotine, as well as illicit drugs, such as marijuana and opiates. Some males are passively exposed to these substances at very early stages of development because women who have become dependent on drugs often continue to use them when pregnant. Based on a 1988 survey of 36 hospitals across the United States by the National Association for Perinatal Addiction Research and Education, it is estimated that there are over 1,000 babies born each day in the United States to women who used opiates, cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamines, and/or marijuana during pregnancy (NIDA, 1989). That estimate does not include the large number of additional women who use only the more commonly abused substances, alcohol and/or nicotine, while pregnant. For many abused drugs there is little if any effective placental barrier, so that the developing fetus is exposed to the drug taken by the mother. Thus, many fetal males are inadvertently exposed to drugs that, among other things, suppress T levels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085, USA

    O. Byron Ward

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Arnold A. Gerall

  2. The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Howard Moltz

  3. Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ingeborg L. Ward

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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Ward, O.B. (1992). Fetal Drug Exposure and Sexual Differentiation of Males. In: Gerall, A.A., Moltz, H., Ward, I.L. (eds) Sexual Differentiation. Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2453-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2453-7_6

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