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Sex Differences in Neuronal Morphology Influenced Hormonally throughout Life

  • Chapter
Sexual Differentiation

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology ((HBNE,volume 11))

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism is a phrase that has come to refer to sex differences in form, which includes qualitative or quantitative differences in structure or function (Goy & McEwen, 1980). This chapter deals exclusively with sexual dimorphisms in neural morphology and focuses on how age and hormone milieu interact to influence their appearance. We begin with a brief description of the types of measures (Table 1) that have been used in different model systems that show sex and hormone dependence. This is followed by a closer look at four exemplary systems (preoptic area/ hypothalamus; amygdala; spinal cord motor neurons; and telencephalic song nuclei) that use these dependent measures to illustrate the emerging principles that govern the development and maintenance of sexual dimorphisms. We then examine two recently growing areas in sexual dimorphism research: sex differences visualized using immunocytochemistry and sex differences in nonneuronal cells such as glia or ependyma. Finally, general guidelines for studying sexual dimorphisms with a lifespan approach are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, Masschusetts, 02254, USA

    S. A. Tobet & T. O. Fox

  2. Department of Biochemistry, E. K. Shriver Center, Waltham, Masschusetts, 02254, USA

    S. A. Tobet & T. O. Fox

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  1. S. A. Tobet
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  2. T. O. Fox
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Arnold A. Gerall

  2. The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Howard Moltz

  3. Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ingeborg L. Ward

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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Tobet, S.A., Fox, T.O. (1992). Sex Differences in Neuronal Morphology Influenced Hormonally throughout Life. In: Gerall, A.A., Moltz, H., Ward, I.L. (eds) Sexual Differentiation. Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2453-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2453-7_2

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