Abstract
A detailed discussion of the problems of astronomical time (universal time, ephemeris time) can be found in 1. 2, 3 and 4 provide a survey of the development of the unit of time and of time scales.
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References
G. Becker, Von der astronomischen zur atomphysikalischen Definition der Sekunde. (From the astronomical to the atomic definition of the second) PTB-Mitt. 76 (1966), p. 314 and PTB-Mitt. 76 (1966), p. 415.
G. Becker, Die Sekunde (The second). PTB-Mitt. 85 (1975), p. 14.
G. Becker, Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Zeitskalen (Progress in the field of time scales) PTB-Mitt. 90 (1980), p. 7.
G. Becker and U. Hübner. The generation of time scales. Radio Science, 14 (1979), p. 593.
CCOR XIVth Plenary Assembly Kyoto 1978, Vol. VII, Standard Frequencies and Time Signals, edited by ITU, Geneva 1978, ISBN 92-61-00721-X.
A. Scheibe and U. Adelsberger, Schwankungen der astronomischen Tageslänge und der astronomischen Zeitbestimmung nach den Quarzuhren der Phys.-Techn. Reichsanstalt. (Fluctuations of the astronomical day and of the astronomical time determination according to the quartz clocks of the PTR) Phys. Zeitschrift 37 (1936), p. 185.
G. Becker. Zeitskalenprobleme; Jahreszeitliche Gangschwankungen von Atomuhren. (Time scale problems; seasonal rate variations of atomic clocks) PTB-Mitt. In print.
J. v. Neumann, R.H. Kent, H.R. Bellington and B.I. Hart. The mean square successive difference. Ann. Math. Statist. 12 (1941), p. 153.
See 5, Report 580, Recommendation 538.
P. Kartaschoff. Frequency and Time, Academic Press, London 1978.
See 5, Report 737.
See 5, Recommendations 485 and 486.
G. de Jong and R. Kaarls. An automated time-keeping system. IEEE Trans. Instr. Meas. IM-29 (1980), p. 230.
G.M.R. Winkler. Time-keeping and its applications. Advanc. Electronics and Electron Physics 44 (1977), p. 33.
D.W. Allan, J.E. Gray and H.E. Machlan. The National Bureau of Standards atomic time scale: generation, stability, accuracy and accessibility. NBS Monograph 140, “Time and Frequency: Theory and Fundamentals”, May 1974.
G. Becker. Problems of time scales. PTB contribution to the CCDS 1980. PTB-Mitt., in print.
B. Guinot, M. Granveaud and J. Azoubib. Stability and accuracy of the International Atomic Time. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Time and Frequency, New Delhi, Febr. 1981.
G. Becker. “Exclusive Flop-out” beam optics for the new primary cesium clocks of the PTB. Metrologia, in print.
G. Becker, B. Fisher and P. Hetzel. Methoden zum Vergleich und zur Verbreitung von Zeitskalen. (Methods for the comparison and for the distribution of time scales). Kleinheubacher Berichte 16 (1973) p. 5, edited by the FTZ, D-1600 Darmstadt.
PTB-Bericht PTB-Me-23 (March 1979). Informations on DCF77 are available in an abstract of PTB-Me-23 comprising the pages 185 to 253.
G. Becker and P. Hetzel. Informationen über DCF77: Status der Aussendung, Zeitkode, Zonenzeitkodierung. (Informations on DCF77: status of the emission, time code, coding of zonal time) PTB-Mitt. 91 (1981), p. 183.
G. Becker. Ein aperiodischer quasiperiodischer Frequenzteiler. (An aperiodic quasiperiodic frequency divider) PTB-Mitt. 83 (1973), p. 13.
G. Becker and L. Rohbeck. Ein Normalfrequenz-Oszillator nachgesteuert vom Sender DCF77. (A standard frequency oscillator steered by the transmitter DCF77) Elektronik 24 (1975), p. 73.
G. Becker. Empfangmethoden für europäische Langwellen-Normal-frequenzsender (Methods for the reception of the European standard frequency transmitter on LF) PTB-Mitt. 79 (1969), p. 240.
See 5, Report 439, an improved Report 439 will be published in 1982.
See 5, Report 733 and 736.
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© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Becker, G. (1983). Time Scales — Production and Distribution. In: Cutler, P.H., Lucas, A.A. (eds) Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 98. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2145-1_6
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