Abstract
In this lecture, we shall:
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give the principle of operation, specify the characteristics and present the most serious limitations to the performances of the most common encountered atomic frequency standards (AFS),
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describe a few systems which are under study and which appear to be promising,
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mention some new ideas for fundamental improvement of the performances of AFS: one possible scheme for a future high performance microwave (or optical) AFS is based on stored ions. This proposal incorporate the laser cooling and laser optical pumping technique.
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Bibliography
Basic review articles
C. Audoin and J. Vanier. “Review article. Atomic Frequency Standards and Clocks”. Journal of Phys. E — Scientific Instruments Vol. 9, pp. 697–720 (1976)
D.J. Wineland. “Limitation on Long Term Stability and Accuracy in Atomic Clocks”. Proceedings of the PTTI, Washington D.C. (Dec. 1980)
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Cerez, P. (1983). Time and Frequency Standards. In: Cutler, P.H., Lucas, A.A. (eds) Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 98. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2145-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2145-1_5
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