Abstract
In order to understand the health needs of older immigrants (those 60 or more years of age) it is especially important to appreciate the heterogeneous nature of this population. First, older immigrants differ from one another in terms of the immigration experience itself, for example, age on arrival in the United States, country of origin, and mode of immigration. Each of these differences shapes their adaptation to life in the United States, their experiences and perceptions of health and illness, and their preferences for treatment. Second, as older people, elderly immigrants are also distinct from younger immigrants from the same country. On average older immigrants are likely to be more rural in origin, less educated, and less employable than younger cohorts. These characteristics can contribute to high rates of financial and emotional dependence on the young. Finally, as older people, elderly immigrants are also likely to face an array of health problems less frequently faced by the young, for example, chronic illness, disability, and the need for long-term care. The sections that follow focus on the impact of the diversity of the older immigrant population on health care needs and on the meeting of those needs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, R. (1992). The efficacy of ethnomedicine: Research methods in trouble. In M. Nichter (Ed.), Anthropological approaches to the study of eth-nomedicine (pp. 1–17). Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach Science.
Bell, D., Kasschau, P., & Zellman, G. (1976). Delivering services to elderly members of minority groups: A critical review of the literature. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
Blackhall, L. J., Murphy, S. T., Frank, G., Michel, V, & Azen, S. (1995). Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274, 820–825.
Csordas, T. J. (Ed.). (1994). Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Cuellar, J. B., & Weeks, J. (1980). Minority elderly Americans: A prototype for area agencies on aging. San Diego, CA: Allied Home Health Association.
Desjarlais, R. R. (1992). Body and emotion: The aesthetics of illness and emotion in Nepal. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Elliott, K. S., Minno, M. D., Lam, D., & Tu, A. M. (1996). Working with Chinese families in the context of dementia. In G. Yeo & D. Gallagher-Thompson (Eds.), Ethnicity and the dementias (pp. 89–108). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
Etkin, N. L. (1996). Ethnopharmacology: The conjunction of medical ethnography and the biology of therapeutic action. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 151–164). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Fabrega, H. (1972). Medical anthropology. In B. J. Siegel (Ed.), Biennial review of anthropology 1971 (pp. 167–229). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Folmar, S. (1993). A higher purpose: Jewish tradition and model long-term care in Cleveland. In C. M. Barresi & D. E. Stull (Eds.), Ethnic elderly and long-term care (pp. 191–203). New York: Springer.
Foulks, E. F. (1972). The Arctic hysterias of the North Alaskan Eskimo. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
Gaines, A. (Ed.). (1992). Ethnopsychiatry: The cultural construction of professional and folk psychiatries. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Gaw, A. C. (1975). An integrated approach to the delivery of health care to a Chinese community in America: The Boston experience. In A. Kleinman, P. Kunstadter, E. R. Alexander, & J. L. Gale (Eds.), Medicine in Chinese cultures: Comparative studies of health care in Chinese and other societies (pp. 327–349). Washington, DC: John E. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health.
Gelfand, D. E. (1993). The aging network: Programs and services (4th ed.). New York: Springer.
Human Resources Corporation. (1978). Policy issues concerning the minority elderly: Final report executive summary. Submitted to the Federal Council on the Aging, San Francisco.
Ikels, C. (1986). Older immigrants and natural helpers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 1, 209–222.
Ikels, C. (1991). Aging and disability in China: Cultural issues in measurement and interpretation. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 649–665.
Ikels, C. (1998). The experience of dementia in China. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 22.
Jeffery, R. (1988). The politics of health in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jette, A. M., Crawford, S. L, & Tennstedt, S. L. (1996). Toward understanding ethnic differences in late-life disability. Research on Aging, 18, 292–309.
Kaplan, J, & Shore, H. (1993). The Jewish nursing home: Innovations in practice and policy. In C. M. Barresi & D. E. Stull (Eds.), Ethnic elderly and long-term care (pp. 115–129). New York: Springer.
Keith, J., Fry, C., Glascock, A., Ikels, C., Dickerson-Put-man, J., Harpending, H., & Draper, P. (1994). The aging experience: Diversity and commonality across cultures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kleinman, A. M. (1980). Patients and healers in the context of culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kleinman, A. M. (1986). Social origins of distress and disease: Depression, neurasthenia, and pain in modern China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Kleinman, A. M. (1988). The illness narratives: Suffering, healing and the human condition. New York: Free Press.
Kleinman, A. M., Eisenberg, L, & Good, B. J. (1978). Culture, illness, and care: Clinical lessons from anthropologie and cross-cultural research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 88, 251–258.
Kopec, J. A. (1995). Concepts of disability: The activity space model. Social Science & Medicine, 40, 649–656.
Last, M. (1996). The professionalization of indigenous healers. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 374–395). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Leslie, C. (1975). Pluralism and integration in the Indian and Chinese medical systems. In A. Kleinman, P. Kunstadter, E. R. Alexander, & J. L. Gale (Eds.), Medicine in Chinese cultures: Comparative studies of health care in Chinese and other societies (pp. 401–415). Washington, DC: John E. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health.
Lock, M., & Scheper-Hughes, N. (1996). A critical-interpretive approach in medical anthropology: Rituals and routines of discipline and dissent. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 41–70). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Mayers, R. S. (1989). Use of folk medicine by elderly Mexican-American women. Journal of Drug Issues, 19, 283–295.
Morsy, S. A. (1996). Political economy in medical anthropology. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 21–40). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Murphy, S. T., Palmer, J. M., Azen, S., Frank, G., Michel, V, & Blackhall, L. J. (1996). Ethnicity and advance care directives. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 24, 89–100.
Obayesekere, G. (1978). The impact of Ayurvedic ideas on the culture and the individual in Sri Lanka. In C. Leslie (Ed.), Asian medical systems (pp. 201–227). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Omidian, P. A. (1996). Aging and family in an Afghan Refugee Community: Transitions and transformations. New York: Garland.
Pacific/Asian Elderly Research Project. (1978). Final report. Los Angeles.
Padgett, D., & Baily, S. J. (1995). Culturally specific psychosocial nursing care for the ethnic elderly. In D. Padgett (Ed.), Handbook on ethnicity, aging, and mental health (pp. 242–264). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Pang, K. Y. C. (1991). Elderly Korean women in America: Everyday life, health, and illness. New York: AMS.
Pang, K. Y. C. (1994). Understanding depression among elderly Korean immigrants through their folk illnesses. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 8, 209–216.
Pang, K. Y. C. (1995). A cross-cultural understanding of depression among elderly Korean immigrants: Prevalence, symptoms, and diagnosis. Clinical Gerontologist, 15, 3–20.
Pang, K. Y. C. (1996). Self-care strategy of elderly Korean immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 11, 229–254.
Payer, L. (1988). Medicine and culture: Varieties of treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France. New York: Holt.
Phillips, M. R. (1993). Strategies used by Chinese families coping with schizophrenia. In D. Davis & S. Harrell (Eds.), Chinese families in the post-Mao era (pp. 277–306). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Post, S. G. (1995). Dementia in our midst: The moral community. Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics, 4, 142–147.
Reynolds, D. K. (1989). Flowing bridges, quiet waters. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Rhodes, L. A. (1996). Studying biomedicine as a cultural system. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 165–180). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Rubel, A. J., & Hass, M. R. (1996). Ethnomedicine. In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), Medical anthropology: Contemporary theory and method (Rev. ed., pp. 113–130). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Singer, M. (1989). The coming of age of critical medical anthropology. Social Science & Medicine, 11, 1193–1203.
Singer, M. (1992). Biomedicine and the political economy of science. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 6, 400–403.
Singer, M., & Baer, H. (1995). Critical medical anthropology. Amity ville, N.Y.: Baywood.
Skinner, J. H. (1995). Ethnic/racial diversity in long-term care use and services. In Z. Harel & R. E. Dunkle (Eds.), Matching people with services in long-term care (pp. 49–71). New York: Springer.
Swarns, R. L. (1997, April 20). Contused by law, nursing homes bar legal immigrants. New York Times, pp. 1, 37.
Topley, M. (1975). Chinese and Western medicine in Hong Kong: Some social and cultural determinants of variation, interaction and change. In A. Klein-man, P. Kunstadter, E. R. Alexander, & J. L. Gale (Eds.), Medicine in Chinese cultures: Comparative studies of health care in Chinese and other societies (pp. 241–271). Washington, DC: John E. Fog-arty International Center, National Institute of Health.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. (1986). Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1985. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. (1991). Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. (1997). Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1995. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Unschuld, P. (1985). Medicine in China: A history of ideas. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Van Steenberg, C., Ansak, M-L, & Chin-Hansen, J. (1993). On Lok’s model: Managed long-term care. In C. M. Barresi & D. E. Stull (Eds.), Ethnic elderly and long-term care (pp. 178–190). New York: Springer.
Verbrugge, L. M. (1990). The iceberg of disability. In S. M. Stahl (Ed.), The legacy of longevity: Health and health care in later life (pp. 55–75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Yeo, G. W. (1993). Ethnicity and nursing homes: Factors affecting use and successful components for culturally sensitive care. In C. M. Barresi & D. E. Stull (Eds.), Ethnic elderly and long-term care (pp. 161–177). New York: Springer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ikels, C. (1998). Aging. In: Loue, S. (eds) Handbook of Immigrant Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1936-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1936-6_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1938-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1936-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive