Abstract
It is well established that intracellular Ca ions modulate cellular membrane potential and thus excitability by affecting the gating of ion channels in the cell membrane. One of the targets for Ca ions are Ca2+ channels themselves. Certain types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels exhibit Ca2+-dependent inactivation which limits or termintes Ca2+ entry into the cell during membrane depolarisation. Inactivation may not develop significantly during short depolarizations as they occur in the course of a neuronal action potential but may be of importance when the membrane is depolarized for longer time such as during a burst of action potentials. Inactivation of Ca2+ channels is complex and involves also voltage-dependent processes. Its nature has long been debated and is still not completely elucidated, although new insights into the mechanism of Ca2+-dependent inactivation came from experiments with cloned Ca2+ channels. In the first part of this chapter we will discuss basic features of Ca2+ channel inactivation and their importance for complex activity patterns. The second part of the chapter will concentrate on neuronal Ca2+-activated K+ and Cl− channels. While neuronal Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been extensively studied over the last decades comparatively little is known about Ca2+-activated Cl− channels in neurons. We will discuss the various influences of these channels on neuronal excitability. In the third part of the chapter we will review the properties of Ca2+-activated nonselective (CAN) cation channels in the nervous system and discuss the physiological functions that have been attributed to this channels. The maintained depolarization induced by activation of these channels is an important process that underlies a variety of physiological functions in many different types of neurons.
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Swandulla, D., Zeilhofer, H.U. (1998). Calcium Regulation of Ion Channels. In: Verkhratsky, A., Toescu, E.C. (eds) Integrative Aspects of Calcium Signalling. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1901-4_5
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