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Handbook of Neurochemistry pp 133–150Cite as

Hydroxylases

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Abstract

The hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan has important biological consequences, and for this reason, the enzymes catalyzing these reactions have been studied extensively. These enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase, convert l-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and l-tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), respectively. DOPA is converted to dopamine (DA), and 5-HTP is converted to serotonin (5-HT), and, in the brain, the amino acid hydroxylation is the initial and apparently rate-limiting step in the synthesis of these neurotransmitters. Therefore, these enzymes play pivotal roles in several neurochemical biosynthetic pathways, and a clearer understanding of their structure and function is essential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Biochemical Pharmacology, Hypertension-Endocrine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20205, USA

    Donald M. Kuhn & Walter Lovenberg

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  1. Donald M. Kuhn
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  2. Walter Lovenberg
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  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Rockland Research Institute, Wards Island, New York, New York, 10035, USA

    Abel Lajtha

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Kuhn, D.M., Lovenberg, W. (1983). Hydroxylases. In: Lajtha, A. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1881-9_6

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